Montgomery Salivary Bypass Tube in Head and Neck Cancer: The Experience of Our Otolaryngology Clinic.

Introduction: One of the most common complications in the immediate and late postoperative period following total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy is pharyngocutaneous fistulae (PCF) formation and pharyngoesophageal stenosis (PES), causing significant mortality and morbidity. Since 1978, Montgomery salivary bypass tube (MSBT) has been used to reduce the incidence of PCF and PES. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the outcomes of using MSBT both as a tool to prevent PCF and PES and to treat these complications in the postoperative period.

Odontogenic phlegmons and abscesses in relation to the financial situation of Italian families.

Background: In recent years, we have recorded an increase in the number of hospital admissions due to odontogenic abscesses and neck phlegmons requiring surgery. We believe that the cause may be related both to the rationalization of funding allocation procedures in public health service making access to public dental healthcare more difficult, and the financial situation of Italian families.

Methods: Fifty-five patients admitted between January 2013 and November 2017 with a diagnosis of "neck abscess" and/or "neck phlegmon" and/or "neck infection" were enrolled in this longitudinal retrospective study.

Pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical use of new long acting local anesthetics, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine.

Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, two new long-acting local anesthetics, have been developed as an alternative to bupivacaine, after the evidence of its severe toxicity. Both of these agents are pure left-isomers and, due to their three-dimensional structure, seem to have less toxic effects on the central nervous system and on the cardiovascular system. Many clinical studies have investigated their toxicology and clinical profiles: theoretically and experimentally, some differences have been observed, but the effects of these properties on clinical practice have not been shown.

Systemic hemodynamic effects of sequential pneumatic compression of the lower limbs: a prospective study in healthy volunteers.

Study Objective: To evaluate the effects on systemic hemodynamics of sequential pneumatic compression of the lower limbs in healthy volunteers.

Design: Prospective, self-controlled, volunteer study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Effects of baricity of 0.5% or 0.75% levobupivacaine on the onset time of spinal anesthesia: a randomized trial.

Purpose: Levobupivacaine has been extensively evaluated for spinal anesthesia. Its pharmacologic properties are similar to those of bupivacaine, but differences in density between two commercially-available preparations of plain levobupivacaine might lead to different block profiles. We examined the characteristics of spinal anesthesia using the same dose of 0.

Spinal anesthesia: an evergreen technique.

Spinal anesthesia is a simple technique that provides a deep and fast surgical block through the injection of small doses of local anesthetic solution into the subarachnoid space. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on recent developments on local anesthetic drugs, side effects, and special techniques of intrathecal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia can be considered adequately safe, and severe complications are reasonably rare.

A prospective, randomized comparison between ultrasound and nerve stimulation guidance for multiple injection axillary brachial plexus block.

Background: This prospective, randomized, blinded study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound guidance can shorten the onset time of axillary brachial plexus block as compared with nerve stimulation guidance when using a multiple injection technique.

Methods: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-III patients receiving axillary brachial plexus block with 20 ml ropivacaine, 0.75%, using a multiple injection technique, were randomly allocated to receive either nerve stimulation (group NS, n = 30), or ultrasound guidance (group US, n = 30) for nerve location.