Dietary patterns and risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and clinical outcomes in diagnosed patients: A scoping review.

Background & Aims: Limited research exists on the association between dietary patterns (DP) and COPD risk or health-related outcomes. We reviewed existing literature to identify DP as a potential factor influencing COPD development and associated health outcomes in diagnosed individuals.

Methods: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for this scoping review, conducting searches on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies meeting our inclusion criteria (P, population - adults from the general population with or without COPD diagnosis; C, concept - DP; C, context - any setting).

Refeeding syndrome risk at ICU admission is an independent predictor of ICU readmission but it is not associated with mortality or length of stay in critically ill patients.

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between refeeding syndrome (RFS) risk and intensive care unit (ICU)/in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) and ICU readmission in critically ill patients.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted at ICU 24 h before data collection. We evaluated RFS risk based on the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), stratifying it into four categories (no, low, high, and very-high risk).

Reporting completeness of nutrition and diet-related randomised controlled trials protocols.

Background And Aims: There is a need to consolidate reporting guidance for nutrition randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocols. The reporting completeness in nutrition RCT protocols and study characteristics associated with adherence to SPIRIT and TIDieR reporting guidelines are unknown. We, therefore, assessed reporting completeness and its potential predictors in a random sample of published nutrition and diet-related RCT protocols.

Complementarity of nutrition screening with Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in critically ill patients: A comparison study of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill Score.

Background And Aim: Critical illness induces hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism, increasing nutrition risk (NR). Early NR identification is crucial for improving outcomes. We assessed four nutrition screening tools (NSTs) complementarity with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in critically ill patients.

Absence of association between low calf circumference, adjusted or not for adiposity, and ICU mortality in critically ill adults: A secondary analysis of a cohort study.

Background: Despite its correlation with skeletal muscle mass and its predictive value for adverse outcomes in clinical settings, calf circumference is a metric underexplored in intensive care. We aimed to determine whether adjusting low calf circumference for adiposity provides prognostic value superior to its unadjusted measurement for intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and other clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of a cohort study across five ICUs, we assessed critically ill patients within 24 h of ICU admission.

Remote nutrition care during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: Did it impact nutrition therapy goals?

Background And Aims: Nutrition societies recommended remote hospital nutrition care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the pandemic's impact on nutrition care quality is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between remote nutrition care during the first COVID-19 wave and the time to start and achieve the nutrition therapy (NT) goals of critically ill patients.

A scoping review on the GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis: Understanding how and for which purpose it has been applied in studies on hospital settings.

Aims: This scoping review aimed to identify and map the literature on malnutrition diagnosis made using the GLIM criteria in hospitalized patients.

Methods: The scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (until 16 April 2022) to identify studies based on the 'population' (adults or elderly patients), 'concept' (malnutrition diagnosis by the GLIM criteria), and 'context' (hospital settings) framework.

Complementarity of nutritional screening tools to GLIM criteria on malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalised patients: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal study.

Background & Aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a two-step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis: screening to identify "at risk" patients by any validated nutritional screening tool (NST), followed by a detailed nutritional assessment for diagnosis and grading the severity of malnutrition. Since there are several validated NST, this study aimed to evaluate the complementarity of five NST to GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis in a sample of hospitalized patients.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal study.

Association of reduced BMI, length of hospital stay, mortality, and malnutrition diagnosis in patients with acute exacerbation COPD: A secondary analysis of a cohort study.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) presents prognostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and despite its limitations in capturing malnutrition, its use is common to assess nutritional status. We aimed to confirm the association between BMI and in-hospital outcomes in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and its inaccuracy in diagnosing malnutrition.

Methods: We diagnosed malnutrition using the Subjective global assessment (SGA), Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics-American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND-ASPEN), and two cutoff values for reduced BMI (age-related and ≤ 21.

Markers of respiratory function response to high-carbohydrate and high-fat intake in patients with lung diseases: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Macronutrients can differently affect respiratory function markers such as VO , VCO , PaO , PaCO , and respiratory quotients (RQs), but systematic appraisal of the evidence on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is lacking.

Objective: The objective of this work is to compare the response of respiratory function markers with high-carbohydrate and high-fat intake in patients with lung diseases.

Methods: Systematic review conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for pairwise systematic reviews of interventions 2020.

Increased energy and/or protein intake improves anthropometry and muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomised controlled clinical trials.

Compromised nutritional status is associated with a poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the impact of nutritional support in this group of patients is controversial. The present study systematically reviewed the effect of energy and or protein supplements or food fortification on anthropometry and muscle strength of COPD patients.

Reduced calf circumference is an independent predictor of worse quality of life, severity of disease, frequent exacerbation, and death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to a pulmonary rehabilitation program: A historic cohort study.

Background: Muscle wasting is associated with worse outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We assessed the association of calf circumference (CC) measurements with clinical outcomes in COPD patients referred to an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP).

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, we analyzed demographic and clinical data ( spirometry tests, comorbidities, COPD exacerbations, dyspnea scoring, exercise capacity, quality-of-life scores, BMI, CC measurements, and all-cause deaths [for 2 years]) from COPD patients PRP medical records.

Stages of change for fruit and vegetable intake among patients with atherosclerotic disease.

This paper describes the stages of change in fruit and vegetable intake among patients with atherosclerotic disease, identifying demographic, socioeconomic, and health predictive factors for each stage of change. It is a cross-sectional study of 290 consecutive patients with atherosclerotic disease submitted to endovascular procedures in two referral hospitals. The staging algorithm included intentional and behavioral criteria, and patients were categorized into "pre-action" (pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation), or "action" (action, non-reflective action, and maintenance).