A high-density theta burst paradigm enhances the aftereffects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Evidence from focal stimulation of rat motor cortex.

Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is an efficient noninvasive neuromodulation paradigm that has been widely adopted, clinically. However, the efficacy of TBS treatment remains similarly modest as conventional 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Objective/hypothesis: To develop a new TBS paradigm that enhances the effects of TMS administration while maintaining high time-efficiency.

Focal transcranial magnetic stimulation in awake rats: Enhanced glucose uptake in deep cortical layers.

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an emerging neuromodulation tool. However, preclinical models of TMS are limited.

Objective: To develop a method for performing TMS in awake rats and to characterize neuronal response to TMS by mapping glucose uptake following TMS administration.