Effect of the solid state fermentation of cocoa shell on the secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, and fatty acids.

During cocoa ( L.) processing, the accumulated cocoa shell can be used for bioconversion to obtain valuable compounds. Here, we evaluate the effect of solid-state fermentation of cacao flour with on secondary metabolite composition, phenol, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonol, and fatty acids contents, and antioxidant activity.

Toxicological evaluation of essential oil from the leaves of Croton tetradenius (Euphorbiaceae) on Aedes aegypti and Mus musculus.

For control of Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, botanical insecticides can be a viable alternative. Herein, we evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of the leaves of Croton tetradenius on Ae. aegypti larvae and adults.

Daily ingestion of tetracycline residue present in pasteurized milk: a public health problem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate (qualitatively and quantitatively) the occurrence of antibiotic residue in pasteurized milk in Brazil. Pasteurized milk samples (n = 252) were collected monthly from Nov. 2010-Oct.

New naphthoquinones and an alkaloid with in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH and EGS strains.

The efficacy of three amino-terpenyl naphthoquinones and the alkaloid liriodenine were examined against tachyzoites and tissues cysts of the RH and EGS strains, respectively. Monolayers of 2C4 fibroblasts infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain were incubated with different concentrations of the compounds for 48 h. Specifically, 7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-5), 6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-6), 6-(4-methylpentyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-11), and 8 h-benzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[6,5,4-de]quinolin-8-one,9Cl-1,2-methylene dioxiaporfina (liriodenine) inhibited intracellular replication of T.