Scalable microfluidic method for tunable liposomal production by a design of experiment approach.

Liposomes constitute a widespread drug delivery platform, gaining more and more attention from the pharmaceutical industry and process development scientists. Their large-scale production as medicinal products for human use is all but trivial, especially when parenteral administration is required. In this study an off-the-shelf microfluidic system and a methodological approach are presented for the optimization, validation and scale-up of highly monodisperse liposomes manufacturing.

Anaerobic demethylation of guaiacyl-derived monolignols enabled by a designed artificial cobalamin methyltransferase fusion enzyme.

Lignin-derived aryl methyl ethers ( coniferyl alcohol, ferulic acid) are expected to be a future carbon source for chemistry. The well-known P450 dependent biocatalytic -demethylation of these aryl methyl ethers is prone to side product formation especially for the oxidation sensitive catechol products which get easily oxidized in the presence of O. Alternatively, biocatalytic demethylation using cobalamin dependent enzymes may be used under anaerobic conditions, whereby two proteins, namely a methyltransferase and a carrier protein are required.

Thiols Act as Methyl Traps in the Biocatalytic Demethylation of Guaiacol Derivatives.

Demethylating methyl phenyl ethers is challenging, especially when the products are catechol derivatives prone to follow-up reactions. For biocatalytic demethylation, monooxygenases have previously been described requiring molecular oxygen which may cause oxidative side reactions. Here we show that such compounds can be demethylated anaerobically by using cobalamin-dependent methyltransferases exploiting thiols like ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate as a methyl trap.

Thiols Act as Methyl Traps in the Biocatalytic Demethylation of Guaiacol Derivatives.

Demethylating methyl phenyl ethers is challenging, especially when the products are catechol derivatives prone to follow-up reactions. For biocatalytic demethylation, monooxygenases have previously been described requiring molecular oxygen which may cause oxidative side reactions. Here we show that such compounds can be demethylated anaerobically by using cobalamin-dependent methyltransferases exploiting thiols like ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate as a methyl trap.

Regioselectivity of Cobalamin-Dependent Methyltransferase Can Be Tuned by Reaction Conditions and Substrate.

Regioselective reactions represent a significant challenge for organic chemistry. Here the regioselective methylation of a single hydroxy group of 4-substituted catechols was investigated employing the cobalamin-dependent methyltransferase from . Catechols substituted in position four were methylated either in - or -position to the substituent depending whether the substituent was polar or apolar.

Oxygen-Free Regioselective Biocatalytic Demethylation of Methyl-phenyl Ethers via Methyltransfer Employing Veratrol--demethylase.

The cleavage of aryl methyl ethers is a common reaction in chemistry requiring rather harsh conditions; consequently, it is prone to undesired reactions and lacks regioselectivity. Nevertheless, -demethylation of aryl methyl ethers is a tool to valorize natural and pharmaceutical compounds by deprotecting reactive hydroxyl moieties. Various oxidative enzymes are known to catalyze this reaction at the expense of molecular oxygen, which may lead in the case of phenols/catechols to undesired side reactions (e.

[Professional policies: a qualitative study of perceptions and opinions of professionals nurses/midwives and students attending the Master of Science in Nursing].

Introduction: Politics, the science and the art of administering public affairs, is a very important field. Dealing with professional policy means to dedicate ourselves to the good of the profession. Professional policies are an integral part of taking care; the professional family needs clear reference points: training, tutoring, promotion and institutional representation.