Introduction: First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) are the cornerstone of acromegaly treatment. Additional benefits were shown using high dose (HD) or high frequency (HF), relatively short-term regimens. Although several predictors of response to standard dose (SD)-fg-SRLs were reported, outcome biomarkers for HF administration are not yet available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Respiratory adverse events are common during the sedation of preterm babies, often needing active airway support. During magnetic resonance imaging, this occurrence could extend the acquisition time, with a negative impact on the thermic and metabolic homeostasis. The aim of the study is to verify if lying in a lateral position instead of supine could improve the safe quality of sedation, without worsening the quality of imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Patients diagnosed with High Grade Gliomas (HGG) generally tend to have a relatively negative prognosis with a high risk of early tumor recurrence (TR) after post-operative radio-chemotherapy. The assessment of the pre-operative risk of early versus delayed TR can be crucial to develop a personalized surgical approach. The purpose of this article is to predict TR using MRI radiomic analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The oculomotor cistern (OMC) is a meningeal cuff filled with CSF that contains the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) at the level of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Only a few studies have investigated the involvement of the OMC by pituitary adenomas (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors [PitNETs]), mainly with relatively small case series. The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphological description of the OMC and systematically analyze its involvement by PitNETs from radiological, clinical, and surgical perspectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
September 2024
Background: The management of recurrent Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) remains challenging. The off-label application of steroid-eluting bioabsorbable or nonabsorbable intracystic stents has been recently described. Early outcomes and complications of this treatment have been described as well, but long-term data are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Multidisciplinary Tumor Board (MTB) is a collaborative platform involving specialists in oncology, surgery, radiology, pathology, and radiotherapy, and aims to optimize diagnostics and treatments. Despite MTB's widespread benefits, limited literature addresses its application in pediatric neuro-oncology. After a literature revision on pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, our study describes our institute's pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, focuses on evaluating its impact and the neuroradiologist's role in patient-centric approaches, considering recent genetic insights into pediatric brain tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
July 2024
Craniopharyngiomas continue to present a challenge in clinical practice due to their heterogeneity and unpredictable adherence to vital neurovascular structures, particularly the hypothalamus. This results in different degrees of hypothalamus-pituitary axis dysfunction and a lack of uniform consensus and treatment guidelines regarding optimal management. MRI and CT are complementary techniques in the preoperative diagnostic phase, enabling the precise definition of craniopharyngioma size, shape, and consistency, as well as guiding classification into histopathological subtypes and topographical categories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
July 2024
Background: Hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland. Symptoms and signs of hypophysitis can be various, and its recognition may be challenging. Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) due to exposure to a variety of drugs and toxic substances is rare, but some cases have been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Subcortical brain mapping in awake glioma surgery might optimize the extent of resection while minimizing neurological morbidity, but it requires a correct interpretation of responses evoked during surgery. To define, with a systematic review: 1) a comprehensive 'map' of the principal white matter bundles involved in awake surgery on language-related networks, describing the most employed tests and the expected responses; 2) In linguistics, a false friend is a word in a different language that looks or sounds like a word in given language but differs significantly in meaning. Similarly, our aim is to give the surgeons a comprehensive review of potentially misleading responses, namely "false friends", in subcortical language mapping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe review explores the 2022 update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary adenomas, now referred to as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and his possible impact on the clinical management of PitNET patients. The review highlights the differences and the evolution from the 2017 to 2022 version, with the current classification considering the lineage of the tumor cells, cell type, hormones produced, and other auxiliary characteristics for a comprehensive histological classification. The revision in terminology reflects a broader perspective on neuroendocrine neoplasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiven that glioma cells tend to infiltrate and migrate along WM tracts, leading to demyelination and axonal injuries, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) emerged as a promising tool for identifying major "high-risk areas" of recurrence within the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) or at a distance throughout the adjacents white matter tracts. Of our systematic review is to answer the following research question: In patients with brain tumor, is DTI able to recognizes within the peri-tumoral brain zone (PBZ) areas more prone to local (near the surgical cavity) or remote recurrence compared to the conventional imaging techniques?. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify relevant studies in line with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary spinal cord diffuse gliomas (SpDG) are rare tumors that may harbor, like diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), H3 mutations. According to the WHO (2021), SpDGs are included in diffuse midline H3K27-altered gliomas, which occur more frequently in adults and show unusual clinical presentation, neuroradiological features, and clinical behavior, which differ from H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma. Currently, homogeneous adult-only case series of SpDG, with complete data and adequate follow-up, are still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The primary treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is removing the tumor mass as defined by MRI. However, MRI has limited diagnostic and predictive value. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are abundant in GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and are found in peripheral blood (PB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to mainly involve the respiratory system, but it was realized that it could affect any organ, including the CNS. The pandemic has followed a wave-like trend, with its peaks being due to the COVID-19 different variants and the introduction of the vaccine, which led to an apparent reduction in hospitalizations but also brought about perplexities related to its adverse effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the use of head CT/contrast CT and their impacts on the onset of cerebrovascular disease in our emergency department during the COVID-19 period and the vaccine rollout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral genetic investigations were conducted to identify germline and somatic mutations in somatotropinomas, a subtype of pituitary tumors. To our knowledge, we report the first acromegaly patient carrying a pathogenic variant: c.2410G>A (rs79658334), p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We aim to assess the role of a multidisciplinary approach in pituitary adenomas (PitNETs) classification, evaluate criteria concordance, and compare intraoperative assessments with post-operative MRIs for tumor remnants.
Methods: Clinical, radiological, histological, and intra- and post-operative data of the treated PitNETs were extracted from prospectively created records. PitNETs were graded according to Trouillas, and the evaluation of the tumor remnants was recorded.
: calvarial capillary hemangiomas are vascular tumors rarely seen in newborns. Differential diagnosis may be not straightforward on imaging studies and the management depends on patient and lesion characteristics. : we present the case of a large congenital intracranial extra-axial lesion detected by routine prenatal US screening, a giant calvarial congenital hemangioma, treated with a multimodal strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe occurrence of clinically significant changes in empathy is a matter of debate in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Altered empathic mechanisms observed in AD may be a consequence of cognitive impairment, more specifically of reduced mental flexibility and self-regulation. The present study explored possible changes in empathy for subjects in the prodromal phase of AD, namely mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and of their neural substrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Posterior synostotic plagiocephaly (PSP) impacts craniofacial skeleton. Study quantifies facial changes in children with PSP to investigate the impact of age and PSP severity at diagnosis on the facial dysmorphology.
Material And Methods: High-resolution preoperative CT images of 22 infants with PSP were analyzed.
Background: In adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, tumor topographical categories, cystic component volume, and magnetic resonance signal intensity may impact prognosis.
Objective: To identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables associated with pituitary-hypothalamic axis dysfunction and predictive of outcome in children with cystic adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas.
Materials And Methods: We evaluated 40 preoperative MRIs of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas to classify tumor topography, volume, and signal intensity of the cystic components and peritumoral edema.
Context: The prompt control of acromegaly is a primary treatment aim for reducing related disease morbidity and mortality. First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) are the cornerstone of medical therapies. A non-negligible number of patients do not respond to this treatment.
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