Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated and untreated teeth.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common dental condition that can be influenced by diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the prevalence and severity of AP, considering the adequacy of endodontic treatments. A total of 180 patients selected based on specific dental criteria from a private clinic in Oradea, Romania, were included in this study.

Improved Antioxidant Status after Diet Supplementation with Novel Natural-Based Supplement in Combat Athletes.

Background: Intense physical activity is known to generate high levels of oxidative stress, and supplementation with bioactive products with powerful antioxidant effects is often recommended. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of supplementing the diet of professional combat fighters with a new bioactive formulation based on (black chokeberry) and bee pollen, a natural combination with a balanced ratio of macro- and micronutrients, rich in proteins and polyphenols.

Methods: A total of 31 professional combat fighters were selected to participate in this study.

The multifaceted role of beta-blockers in overcoming cancer progression and drug resistance: Extending beyond cardiovascular disorders.

Beta-blockers are commonly used medications that antagonize β-adrenoceptors, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. Emerging evidence suggests that beta-blockers may also have anticancer effects and help overcome drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the contribution of different isoforms of beta-adrenoceptors in cancer progression, the current preclinical and clinical data on associations between beta-blockers use and cancer outcomes, as well as their ability to enhance responses to chemotherapy and other standard therapies.

Phytoactive Molecules and Nanodelivery Approaches for Breast Cancer Treatment: Current and Future Perspectives.

One of the most common malignancies in women, breast cancer accounts for nearly 25% of all cancer cases. Breast cancer is a diverse cancer form that exhibits variability in both morphology and molecular characteristics, and is linked to numerous risk factors. Although various approaches and research are ongoing in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, medication resistance in the current breast cancer treatment contributes to the disease's relapse and recurrence.

Hedgehog signaling mastery: R51211's promise in augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib.

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor employed for managing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The emergence of sorafenib resistance presents an obstacle to its therapeutic efficacy. One notable approach to overcoming sorafenib resistance is the exploration of combination therapies.

Cell cycle machinery in oncology: A comprehensive review of therapeutic targets.

The cell cycle is tightly regulated to ensure controlled cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a hallmark of cancer that leads to unchecked growth. This review comprehensively analyzes key molecular regulators of the cell cycle and how they contribute to carcinogenesis when mutated or overexpressed.

Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role.

The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors.

Histopathology Features of Gastritis Associated With Altered Lipid Profile: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Center in North West Romania.

Background/aim: H. pylori infection can promote a systemic inflammatory syndrome, eventually leading to intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association between dyslipidemia and histopathological features of H.

Comparing Metabolic Preconditioning and Diabetes As Risk Factors in Knee Arthroplasty Complications.

Background And Objectives: Advanced osteoarthritis of the knee joint severely affects the patient's mobility, compounded by pre-existing comorbidities such as metabolic preconditioning (such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and insulin resistance syndrome) and both type I and type II diabetes. The success of total knee arthroplasty is influenced by knowledge and management of risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate differences in the evolution of risk factors such as obesity, injuries, and sedentary lifestyle, distinguishing those with metabolic preconditions and diabetes.

Nanodelivery Approaches of Phytoactives for Skin Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives.

In recent years, there has been an increase in skin cancers due to external factors, especially environmental factors, and studies on treatment alternatives have gained importance. Nanomaterials are common, from sunscreen formulas to formulations designed to treat skin cancers at various stages. Using bioactives has multiple effects in treating skin cancers, which provides many advantages.

Revolutionizing Treatment Strategies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Impact of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.

DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) a versatile protease, emerges as a prominent player in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Its heightened expression has been intimately linked to the initiation and severity of diverse autoimmune diseases, spanning rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diabetes, and even SARS-CoV-2 infection. Operating as a co-stimulator of T cell activity, DPP4 propels T cell proliferation by binding adenosine deaminase (ADA), thereby augmenting the breakdown of adenosine-an influential inhibitor of T cell proliferation.

Mapping the Spatial Evolution of Proximal Femur Osteoporosis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Based on CT Scans.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the modifications occurring in osteoporosis at the level of the human proximal femur throughout the trabecular structure, along with the identification of certain anatomic regions preferentially affected by osteoporosis. Another goal was to map the evolution of the radiodensity of the trabecular bone as osteoporosis progresses to an advanced stage.

Methods: The study included CT scans (right femur) from 51 patients, out of which 40 had various degrees of osteoporosis, but no other local pathology.

Detection and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in chilled and frozen meat collected from Sharkia province in Egypt.

Background: The consumption of meat is a fundamental aspect of global diets, providing essential nutrients and proteins vital for human nutrition. However, ensuring the safety of meat products has become progressively challenging due to potential contamination by toxic heavy metals (HMs) and pathogenic microorganisms.

Aim: This study focuses on assessing the prevalence of Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), and Cadmium (Cd), in chilled and frozen meat in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.

Relevant Predictors in the Association Between Patients' Functional Status and Scar Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: We aimed to investigate the relevant predictors in the association between the functional status and the consequences of the persistence of scars in patients with traumatic versus non-traumatic coxarthrosis after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: A total of 203 patients undergoing THA after traumatic or non-traumatic coxarthrosis were asked to complete the Mekeres' Psychosocial Internalization Scale (MPIS), in which they self-evaluated on a Likert scale (between one and five) by selecting the rating that corresponded to their personal opinion and the activities of daily living (ADL) form at six months postoperative. The statistical data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22.

Designing New Sport Supplements Based on and Bee Pollen to Enhance Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value.

With a high number of athletes using sport supplements targeting different results, the need for complex, natural and effective formulations represents an actual reality, while nutrition dosing regimens aiming to sustain the health and performance of athletes are always challenging. In this context, the main goal of this study was to elaborate a novel and complex nutraceutical supplement based on multiple bioactive compounds extracted from and bee pollen, aiming to support physiological adaptations and to minimize the stress generated by intense physical activity in the case of professional or amateur athletes. Our proposed formulations are based on different combinations of Aronia and bee pollen (A1:P1, A1:P2 and A2:P1), offering personalized supplements designed to fulfill the individual requirements of different categories of athletes.

Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi.

Iron is an essential element for all eukaryote organisms because of its redox properties, which are important for many biological processes such as DNA synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen transport, lipid, and carbon metabolism. For this reason, living organisms have developed different strategies and mechanisms to optimally regulate iron acquisition, transport, storage, and uptake in different environmental responses. Moreover, iron plays an essential role during microbial infections.

Highlighting the Advantages and Benefits of Non-NSAID Treatment After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background/aim: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative conditions that causes pain, stiffness, and decreased functionality. The management of knee osteoarthritis necessitates collaboration among specialists from different disciplines, considering the primary clinical manifestations and functional level of the disease. The aim of this study was to highlight the disparities in postoperative outcomes between knee arthroplasty procedures with and without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. GLP-1 agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss in preclinical and clinical studies.

An Understanding of Mechanism-Based Approaches for 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Scaffolds as Cytotoxic Agents and Enzyme Inhibitors.

The world's health system is plagued by cancer and a worldwide effort is underway to find new drugs to treat cancer. There has been a significant improvement in understanding the pathogenesis of cancer, but it remains one of the leading causes of death. The imperative 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold possesses a wide variety of biological activities, particularly for cancer treatment.

Ganetespib (STA-9090) augments sorafenib efficacy via necroptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications from preclinical data for a novel therapeutic approach.

Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, but its long-term effectiveness is limited by the emergence of resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism is the reduction of microvessel density and intratumoral hypoxia caused by prolonged sorafenib treatment. Our research has demonstrated that HSP90 plays a critical role in conferring resistance to sorafenib in HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions and N-Nitrosodiethylamine-exposed mice as well.

Interleukins (Cytokines) as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Progression, Detection, and Monitoring.

Cancer is the primary cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause in developing countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for CRC include obesity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, and smoking.

Molecular Understanding of ACE-2 and HLA-Conferred Differential Susceptibility to COVID-19: Host-Directed Insights Opening New Windows in COVID-19 Therapeutics.

The genetic variants of HLAs (human leukocyte antigens) play a crucial role in the virus-host interaction and pathology of COVID-19. The genetic variants of HLAs not only influence T cell immune responses but also B cell immune responses by presenting a variety of peptide fragments of invading pathogens. Peptide cocktail vaccines produced by using various conserved HLA-A2 epitopes provoke substantial specific CD8+ T cell responses in experimental animals.