Hymenoptera venom allergy in children.

From a taxonomic point of view, Hymenoptera are subclassified into families: Apidae, including honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus), and Vespidae, which, in turn, are divided into the subfamilies of Vespinae (wasps, including hornets, vespules, dolichovespules) and Polistinae (paper wasp). Hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera venom can be linked to immunological (IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated) and non-immunological mechanisms. Reactions are classified into local reactions, large local reactions, systemic reactions, toxic reactions, and unusual reactions.

Esophageal food bolus impaction in children: A 15-year experience and a review.

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the episodes of esophageal food bolus impaction (EFI) occurred over a time of 15 years in children admitted to a large pediatric emergency department (PED), documenting their clinical presentation, underlying pathology, management, biopsy rate, and follow-up visits. Additionally, to combine our institutional experience with the existing literature, a comprehensive review was conducted.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all children presenting to our PED with EFI from 2010 to 2024.

EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.

Food protein-induced enteropathy: a revision for the clinician.

Food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) belongs to non-IgE gastrointestinal mediated food allergies. FPE is a syndrome characterized by diarrhea, weight loss and failure to thrive in young infants. Cow milk is the culprit food that most frequently causes FPE.

Elimination Diets in Lactating Mothers of Infants with Food Allergy.

Breastfeeding is the most important nutrition source for infants. However, managing breastfed infants with signs and symptoms related to food allergy can be difficult. Many studies have shown the presence of different food allergens in breast milk, but the clinical role of these antigens in human milk is still much debated.

Shift from Cow's Milk Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to IgE-Mediated Allergy: Case Series and Literature Review.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy characterized by gastrointestinal symptom onset within 1-4 hours from trigger food ingestion. In the literature, some authors have previously described the possibility that a patient with FPIES may develop an IgE-mediated allergy to the same trigger food, especially cow's milk (CM). We reported five cases of CM-FPIES converting to IgE-mediated CM allergy presented at our tertiary pediatric Allergy Unit and performed a review of the literature, aiming to characterize the clinical features of patients who are at risk of developing such conversion.

Nutritional and Psychosocial Impact of Food Allergy in Pediatric Age.

Treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy involves avoiding the food causing the allergic reaction. In association, an action plan for allergic reactions is indicated, sometimes including self-injectable adrenaline. In addition to these dietary and medical implications, there are two equally important ones: nutritional and psychosocial.

The importance of clinical history in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity in children.

Background: In case of suspected hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) to drugs, a challenging area for pediatricians is detecting relevant elements in the parent-reported history, in order to reach a definite diagnosis. We analyzed the concordance between the description of the HR and the medical reports documented at the time of the event. Furthermore, we studied any correlation between clinical history variables and the prediction of true allergy.

Fatal food anaphylaxis in adults and children.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction characterized by the acute onset of symptoms involving different organ systems and requiring immediate medical intervention. The incidence of fatal food anaphylaxis is 0.03 to 0.

Imported allergens in Italy: an emerging issue.

Imported allergens are involved in many allergic reactions, with unexpected and unusual implications. They can be involved in developing asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, Hymenoptera venom allergies and food allergies. Imported allergens can be implied in respiratory allergies attributable to commercial practices and accidental diffusion through air currents that have introduced non-native species in new geographical contexts.

How to manage drug-virus interplay underlying skin eruptions in children.

The majority of viral rashes occurring during an antibiotic therapy are considered as a drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR). Differentiating a viral rash versus a DHR is difficult or even impossible. In delayed DHRs the interplay between viruses and drugs is summarized according to the recent literature.

EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy-focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the basophil activation test (BAT), if available. Evidence for IgE sensitization should be sought for any suspected foods.