What's Good About Inclusion? An Ethical Analysis of the Ideal of Social Inclusion for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities.

'Social inclusion' is the leading ideal in services and care for people with intellectual disabilities in most countries in the Global North. 'Social inclusion' can refer simply to full equal rights, but more often it is taken to mean something like 'community participation'. This narrow version of social inclusion has become so ingrained that it virtually goes unchallenged.

Social inclusion revisited: sheltered living institutions for people with intellectual disabilities as communities of difference.

The dominant idea in debates on social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is that social inclusion requires recognition of their 'sameness'. As a result, most care providers try to enable people with intellectual disabilities to live and participate in 'normal' society, 'in the community'. In this paper, we draw on (Pols, Medicine Health Care and Philosophy 18:81-90, 2015) empirical ethics of care approach to give an in-depth picture of places that have a radically different take on what social inclusion for people with intellectual disabilities looks like: places known as 'sheltered living institutions'.

Shadowing as a qualitative research method for intellectual disability research: Opportunities and challenges.

Background: While qualitative research on intellectual disability is on the rise, researchers have frequently reported that their methods bring methodological and ethical challenges. The authors advance shadowing as an alternative method to respond to these concerns.

Method: The authors draw on their experiences with shadowing on the basis of two separate studies respectively, involving 28 and 17 people with intellectual disabilities.

The group home as moral laboratory: tracing the ethic of autonomy in Dutch intellectual disability care.

This paper examines the prevalence of the ideal of "independence" in intellectual disability care in the Netherlands. It responds to a number of scholars who have interrogated this ideal through the lens of Michel Foucault's vocabulary of governmentality. Such analyses hold that the goal of "becoming independent" subjects people with intellectual disabilities to various constraints and limitations that ensure their continued oppression.

What is the problem of dependency? Dependency work reconsidered.

Dependency is fundamental to caring relationships. However, given that dependency implies asymmetry, it also brings moral problems for nursing. In nursing theory and theories of care, dependency tends to be framed as a problem of self-determination-a tendency that is mirrored in contemporary policy and practice.