ADAR1 prevents autoinflammation by suppressing spontaneous ZBP1 activation.

The RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) limits the accumulation of endogenous immunostimulatory double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In humans, reduced ADAR1 activity causes the severe inflammatory disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). In mice, complete loss of ADAR1 activity is embryonically lethal, and mutations similar to those found in patients with AGS cause autoinflammation.

Viral manipulation of host cell necroptosis and pyroptosis.

Cell death forms an essential component of the antiviral immune response. Viral infection elicits different forms of host cell death, including the lytic and inflammatory cell death modes necroptosis or pyroptosis. The induction of both types of cell death not only eliminates virus-infected cells but also contributes to the development of innate and adaptive immunity through the release of inflammatory mediators.