A bootstrapping residuals approach to determine the error in quantitative functional lung imaging.

Purpose: To implement and validate an algorithm to determine the statistical errors in self-gated non-contrast-enhanced functional lung imaging.

Methods: A bootstrapping residuals approach to determine the error in quantitative functional lung imaging is proposed. Precision and accuracy of the median error over the lungs, as well as reproducibility of the approach were investigated in 7 volunteers.

Management of Busulfan-Induced Lung Injury in Pediatric Patients with High-Risk Neuroblastoma.

: Integrating the cytotoxic drug busulfan into a high-dose chemotherapy regimen prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma has improved the survival of children battling this deadly disease. Busulfan-induced toxicities can, however, be severe. Here, we describe the diagnosis and successful treatment of acute pulmonary injury by total-body-weight-adjusted busulfan therapy in two children with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Suprapubic and Transurethral Bladder Access for Voiding Cystourethrography in Pediatric Male Patients.

Purpose: To compare suprapubic access (SPA) and transurethral catheterization (TUC) in voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).

Methods: Retrospective single-center evaluation of 311 VCUG performed in male patients under 12 years of age. Two study groups were built based on the bladder access method.

Increase in complicated upper respiratory tract infection in children during the 2022/2023 winter season-a post coronavirus disease 2019 effect?

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections usually peak during winter months.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether imaging of complicated upper airway infection in children increased during the winter season of 2022/2023.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study setting, pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans for evaluation of upper respiratory tract infection performed between October 2022 and April 2023 were analyzed regarding presence of the following complications: mastoiditis, abscess, phlegmon, meningitis, reactive vasculitis, and sinus vein thrombosis.

Lung Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis before and during -Modulator Therapy Using 3D Ultrashort Echo Time MRI.

Background The triple combination of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor (hereafter, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor) has a positive effect on lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Purpose To compare three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI functional lung data to common functional lung parameters in assessing lung function in patients with CF undergoing elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy. Materials and Methods In this prospective feasibility study, 16 participants with CF consented to undergo pulmonary MRI with a breath-hold 3D UTE sequence at baseline (April 2018-June 2019) and follow-up (April-July 2021).

Comparison of diagnostic quality of 3D ultrashort-echo-time techniques for pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging in free-breathing.

Background: Ultrashort-echo-time (UTE) sequences have been developed to overcome technical limitations of pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, it has been shown that UTE sequences with breath-hold allow rapid image acquisition with sufficient image quality. However, patients with impaired respiration require alternative acquisition strategies while breathing freely.

Combining gantry-free cone-beam computed tomography with iterative metal artefact reduction for surgical follow-up imaging of the appendicular skeleton.

Purpose: Post-surgical evaluation of osteosynthesis material and adjacent tissue can be challenging in both radiography and cross-sectional imaging. This study investigates the performance of a multi-purpose X-ray scanner with cone-beam CT (CBCT) function and iterative metal artefact reduction capabilities in patients after osteoplasty of the appendicular skeleton.

Method: Eighty individuals who underwent both conventional X-ray imaging and CBCT after osteoplasty of the hand/wrist (48), elbow (14), or ankle/foot (18) with the gantry-free twin robotic system were retrospectively enrolled.

Not all that looks fractured is broken-multipartite humeral epicondyles in children.

Objective: Multipartite epicondyles may mimic fractures in the setting of pediatric elbow trauma. This study examines the prevalence of multipartite epicondyles during skeletal development and their association with pediatric elbow fractures.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 4282 elbow radiographs of 1265 elbows of 1210 patients aged 0-17 years were reviewed.

Interobserver reliability of scapula fracture classifications in intra- and extra-articular injury patterns.

Background: Morphology and glenoid involvement determine the necessity of surgical management in scapula fractures. While being present in only a small share of patients with shoulder trauma, numerous classification systems have been in use over the years for categorization of scapula fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the established AO/OTA classification in comparison to the classification system of Euler and Rüedi (ER) with regard to interobserver reliability and confidence in clinical practice.

Pulmonary Imaging of Immunocompromised Patients during Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation using Non-Contrast-Enhanced Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time (3D-UTE) MRI.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D-UTE) MRI for pulmonary imaging in immunocompromised patients during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: MRI was performed using a stack-of-spirals 3D-UTE sequence (slice thickness: 2.34mm; matrix: 256 × 256; acquisition time: 12.

Deep learning-based segmentation of the lung in MR-images acquired by a stack-of-spirals trajectory at ultra-short echo-times.

Background: Functional lung MRI techniques are usually associated with time-consuming post-processing, where manual lung segmentation represents the most cumbersome part. The aim of this study was to investigate whether deep learning-based segmentation of lung images which were scanned by a fast UTE sequence exploiting the stack-of-spirals trajectory can provide sufficiently good accuracy for the calculation of functional parameters.

Methods: In this study, lung images were acquired in 20 patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and 33 healthy volunteers, by a fast UTE sequence with a stack-of-spirals trajectory and a minimum echo-time of 0.

Split-filter dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: a study on image quality and radiation dose.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography is the diagnostic reference standard in suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Favorable results for dual-energy CT (DECT) images have been reported for this condition. Nowadays, dual-energy data acquisition is feasible with different technical options, including a single-source split-filter approach.

Functional MRI of the Lungs Using Single Breath-Hold and Self-Navigated Ultrashort Echo Time Sequences.

Purpose: To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI regarding image quality and suitability for functional image analysis using gradient-echo sequences in breath-hold and with self-navigation.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective exploratory study, 10 patients (mean age, 21 years; age range, 5-58 years; five men) and 10 healthy control participants (mean age, 25 years; age range, 10-39 years; five men) underwent 3D UTE MRI at 3.0 T.

Comparison of Dual- and Single-Source Dual-Energy CT for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Artery Embolism.

Purpose:  Comparison of dual-source dual-energy CT (DS-DECT) and split-filter dual-energy CT (SF-DECT) regarding image quality and radiation dose in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Materials And Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed pulmonary dual-energy CT angiography (CTPA) scans performed on two different CT scanners in 135 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Scan parameters for DS-DECT were 90/Sn150 kV (n = 68 patients), and Au/Sn120 kV for SF-DECT (n = 67 patients).

Dual-energy CT angiography in suspected pulmonary embolism: influence of injection protocols on image quality and perfused blood volume.

To compare intravenous contrast material (CM) injection protocols for dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism with regard to image quality and pulmonary perfused blood volume (PBV) values. A total of 198 studies performed with four CM injection protocols varying in CM volume and iodine delivery rates (IDR) were retrospectively included: (A) 60 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.75gI/s), (B) 50 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.

Three-dimensional Ultrashort Echotime Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Combined Morphologic and Ventilation Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Ultrashort echotime (UTE) sequences aim to improve the signal yield in pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We demonstrate the initial results of spiral 3-dimensional (3D) UTE-MRI for combined morphologic and functional imaging in pediatric patients.

Methods: Seven pediatric patients with pulmonary abnormalities were included in this observational, prospective, single-center study, with the patients having the following conditions: cystic fibrosis (CF) with middle lobe atelectasis, CF with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, air trapping, congenital lobar overinflation, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, and pulmonary hamartoma.

Three-dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MRI for Functional Lung Imaging in Cystic Fibrosis.

Background In cystic fibrosis (CF), recurrent imaging and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are needed for the assessment of lung function during disease management. Purpose To assess the clinical feasibility of pulmonary three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI at breath holding for quantitative image analysis of ventilation inhomogeneity and hyperinflation in CF compared with PFT. Materials and Methods In this prospective study from May 2018 to June 2019, participants with CF and healthy control participants underwent PFTs and functional lung MRI by using a prototypical single breath-hold three-dimensional UTE sequence.