Respiratory failure caused by lipoid pneumonia from vaping e-cigarettes.

A young female vaper presented with insidious onset cough, progressive dyspnoea on exertion, fever, night sweats and was in respiratory failure when admitted to hospital. Clinical examination was unremarkable. Haematological tests revealed only thrombocytopenia, which was long standing, and her biochemical and inflammatory markers were normal.

Corrigendum: Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature22364.

Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution.

The early detection of relapse following primary surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer and the characterization of emerging subclones, which seed metastatic sites, might offer new therapeutic approaches for limiting tumour recurrence. The ability to track the evolutionary dynamics of early-stage lung cancer non-invasively in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has not yet been demonstrated. Here we use a tumour-specific phylogenetic approach to profile the ctDNA of the first 100 TRACERx (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy (Rx)) study participants, including one patient who was also recruited to the PEACE (Posthumous Evaluation of Advanced Cancer Environment) post-mortem study.

Tracking the Evolution of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), data on intratumor heterogeneity and cancer genome evolution have been limited to small retrospective cohorts. We wanted to prospectively investigate intratumor heterogeneity in relation to clinical outcome and to determine the clonal nature of driver events and evolutionary processes in early-stage NSCLC.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we performed multiregion whole-exome sequencing on 100 early-stage NSCLC tumors that had been resected before systemic therapy.

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumour of the brain in a patient with sarcoidosis.

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumours (MSP) are benign lesions characterised by local proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes caused by mycobacterial infections. Cerebral MSP due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection is rare, and is often misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as a brain tumour. We present a case with underlying sarcoidosis and known pulmonary MAI infection presenting with partial seizures and headaches.

A rare association of pulmonary carcinoid, lymphoma, and sjögren syndrome.

Pulmonary carcinoid and pulmonary lymphoma are both rare cancers and are seldom seen together. Cases have been reported of their coexistence in the gastrointestinal tract, but our literature searches only found a single case of their coexistence in the lung. We discuss our case as well as the literature to try to find a connection and explanation for this occurrence.

A case presentation of a pulmonary complication of ulcerative colitis.

We present the case of a 25-year-old Afro-Caribbean man with a longstanding history of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The patient presented to clinic and reported pleuritic-type chest pain. A routine chest radiograph requested from the clinic revealed an incidental right middle zone opacity in the right lung.

Intrathymic primary intrathoracic goiter in a patient with breast malignancy.

We report a rare case of an intrathymic primary intrathoracic goiter. The patient with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma was also known to have a distinct large anterior mediastinal mass. This was removed via a median sternotomy, after a thorascopic biopsy had been performed in the past but a diagnosis had not been reached.

A conjunctival leiomyoma.

Purpose: To report a conjunctival leiomyoma.

Design: Observational case report.

Methods: A 35-year-old man was referred to us for evaluation of a lesion in his left eye.