Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Cost-effectiveness of virtual reality and wet laboratory cataract surgery simulation.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of phacoemulsification simulation training in virtual reality simulator and wet laboratory on operating theater performance.

Methods: Residents were randomized to a combination of virtual reality and wet laboratory phacoemulsification or wet laboratory phacoemulsification. A reference control group consisted of trainees who had wet laboratory training without phacoemulsification.

Effect of Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops vs Placebo on Myopia Incidence in Children: The LAMP2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Early onset of myopia is associated with high myopia later in life, and myopia is irreversible once developed.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration atropine eyedrops at 0.05% and 0.

Three-Year Clinical Trial of Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Continued Versus Washout: Phase 3 Report.

Purpose: (1) To compare the efficacy of continued and stopping treatment for 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.

Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6-8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination.

Combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma arising from a giant verruca vulgaris involving the eyelid.

Purpose: Verruca Vulgaris is a common benign cutaneous lesion which only reported occasionally to have malignant potential. Our purpose is to report a rare case of verruca vulgaris involving the eyelid and subsequently transformed into the combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Observations: We reported a case of a 97-year-old female with a chronic biopsy proven verruca vulgaris involving the left lateral canthus.

The good toxin: 10 years of experience with botulinum toxin A in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm.

Purpose: To describe the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (Botox) in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.

Methods: Retrospective review of operation, injection, and medical records.

Results: Information of 29 patients (nine males) was reviewed, and the average age of benign essential blepharospasm onset was 59.

Two-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 2 Report.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.

Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops in Myopia Control.

Purpose: Low-concentration atropine is an emerging therapy for myopia progression, but its efficacy and optimal concentration remain uncertain. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentration atropine eye drops at 0.05%, 0.

Impact of virtual reality simulation on learning barriers of phacoemulsification perceived by residents.

Objective: To identify residents' perceived barriers to learning phacoemulsification surgical procedures and to evaluate whether virtual reality simulation training changed these perceptions.

Design: The ophthalmology residents undertook a simulation phacoemulsification course and proficiency assessment on the Eyesi system using the previously validated training modules of intracapsular navigation, anti-tremor, capsulorrhexis, and cracking/chopping. A cross-sectional, multicenter survey on the perceived difficulties in performing phacoemulsification tasks on patients, based on the validated International Council of Ophthalmology's Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (ICO-OSCAR), using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = least and 5 = most difficulty), was conducted among residents with or without prior simulation training.

Refractive Errors and Concomitant Strabismus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the risk of development of concomitant strabismus due to refractive errors. Eligible studies published from 1946 to April 1, 2016 were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE that evaluated any kinds of refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia) as an independent factor for concomitant exotropia and concomitant esotropia. Totally 5065 published records were retrieved for screening, 157 of them eligible for detailed evaluation.

Association of Gestational Hypertensive Disorders with Retinopathy of prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The role of gestational hypertensive disorders, which includes both pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between gestational hypertensive disoders and ROP. Eligible studies published up to June 5, 2016 were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE that evaluated the association between the two conditions.

The Natural Course of Intermittent Exotropia over a 3-year Period and the Factors Predicting the Control Deterioration.

The natural course of intermittent exotropia and the factors affecting its control has been unclear. We aim to report the natural course of our cohort of 117 Chinese children with intermittent exotropia and to identify baseline parameters that may have predictive value in the control deterioration of the disease. The visual acuity, spherical equivalent, compliance to orthoptic exercise, angle of deviation fusional convergence parameters and Newcastle Control Score were recorded for all children at baseline and at 3 years apart.

Endoscopic-assisted retrieval of retained lacrimal stent material in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction without dacryocystorhinostomy.

We report a 3-year-old child with history of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who failed lacrimal probing and underwent bicanalicular intubation. Removal of stent from the superior punctum was unsuccessful and it was trapped in the lacrimal sac. We performed endonasal endoscopic-assisted retrieval of retained stent material without necessitating dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Aesthetic assessment in periciliary "v-incision" versus conventional external dacryocystorhinostomy in Asians.

Purpose: To determine the functional and aesthetic outcomes of periciliary "v-incision" external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and to compare with conventional approach.

Method: Charts review of consecutive cases of "v-incision" (VDCR) or conventional DCR performed in a single institute, between January 2007 and March 2014. All procedures were performed or supervised by a single surgeon.

Predictive factors affecting the short term and long term exodrift in patients with intermittent exotropia after bilateral rectus muscle recession and its effect on surgical outcome.

Purpose: To determine the predictive factors that affect short term and long term postoperative drift in intermittent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus recession and to evaluate its effect on surgical outcome.

Methods: Retrospective review of 203 patients with diagnosis of intermittent exotropia, who had surgical corrections with more than 3 years of followup. Different preoperative parameters were obtained and evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis.

A prospective study of fusional convergence parameters in Chinese patients with intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between different fusional convergence parameters and the Newcastle Control Score (NCS) in children with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: In this consecutive prospective observational series, 101 Chinese children with intermittent exotropia were examined by a single observer, who assessed the level of control using the revised NCS and measured the angle of deviation and fusional convergence. Levels of control were defined according to the NCS as good (0-3), moderate (4-6), or poor (7-9).

Prognostic factors predicting the surgical outcome of bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for patients with infantile exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the presurgery factors affecting early and long-term favorable outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for infantile exotropia.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of 50 patients with infantile exotropia (both constant-type and intermittent-type exotropia with onset before 1 year of age) who had bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery correction with more than 1 year follow up. Presurgery data were obtained and evaluated by use of multiple regression analysis.

Preoperative factors predicting the surgical response of bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery in patients with infantile exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the preoperative factors affecting the efficacy in bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for infantile exotropia.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 50 patients with infantile exotropia who had bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery correction with more than 1 year of follow-up. Preoperative parameters influencing the response of the surgery were obtained and evaluated using multiple regression analysis including age at onset, age at surgery, interval between onset and surgery, preoperative deviation, refractive error, anisometropia, amount of surgery performed, presence of A- or V-pattern, and preoperative phase of exotropia.

Long-term ocular alignment after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with infantile and intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To compare postoperative drift after bilateral lateral rectus recession for infantile exotropia (XT) and for intermittent XT and to compare initial postoperative alignment with long-term motor outcome.

Methods: Medical records of all patients with infantile exotropia or intermittent exotropia who had undergone bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession surgery with a follow-up longer than 3 years were reviewed. The pre- and postoperative angles of deviation at distance and at near and postoperative drift at distance were compared.

Refractive changes after pediatric intraocular lens implantation in Hong Kong children.

Purpose: To report the refractive changes after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Hong Kong Chinese children.

Methods: The clinical records of all patients who had cataract extraction and IOL implantation before age 18 years and with more than 2 years of follow-up were studied retrospectively. The refractive errors of all patients determined by cycloplegic refraction at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively and then annually thereafter were included for analysis.

Exotropic drift and ocular alignment after surgical correction for intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the angle of deviation over time and compare the motor success rate with different initial postoperative deviation in patients undergoing surgical correction for intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Forty-eight patients aged between 1 and 10 years who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia were retrospectively evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative ocular deviations at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months were analyzed.