A lifetime perspective on risk factors for cognitive decline with a special focus on early events.

Both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are the result of disease processes that typically develop over several decades. Population studies have estimated that more than half of the risk for dementia is preventable or at least modifiable through behavioral adaptations. The association between these lifestyle factors and the risk of dementia is most evident for exposure in midlife.

Feasibility of using fNIRS to explore motor-related regional haemodynamic signal changes in patients with sensorimotor impairment and healthy controls: A pilot study.

Background: While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into cortical brain activity during motor tasks in healthy and diseased populations, the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess haemoglobin-evoked responses to reanimated upper limb motor function in patients with tetraplegia remains unknown.

Objective: The primary objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of using fNIRS to assess cortical signal intensity changes during upper limb motor tasks in individuals with surgically restored grip functions. The secondary objectives are: 1) to collect pilot data on individuals with tetraplegia to determine any trends in the cortical signal intensity changes as measured by fNIRS and 2) to compare cortical signal intensity changes in affected individuals versus age-appropriate healthy volunteers.

The relationship between mental fatigue, depression, and cognition in Graves' disease.

Objective: Mental fatigue, depression, anxiety, and cognitive complaints are common in Graves' disease (GD). Our aims were to assess the relationship between these variables in patients with GD during both hyperthyroidism and a long stable euthyroidism.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal case-control study where 65 premenopausal women diagnosed with GD and 65 matched controls were assessed twice with 15 months in between.

Analysis of the cognitive processes involved in creating and sustaining cooperative group activity.

A cooperative group activity (CGA) and shared intentionality are two phenomena whereby two or more individuals engage in an activity with the intention that the group will succeed, that is, to act as a "we. " This ability to act together as a "we" is an important human psychological feature and has been argued to demarcate an important developmental step. Many CGA and shared intentionality theories have centered around philosophical problems of what counts as a "we" and how to give a cognitively plausible account of children's engagement in such activities, e.

Segregation over time in functional networks in prefrontal cortex for individuals suffering from pathological fatigue after traumatic brain injury.

Pathological fatigue is present when fatigue is perceived to continually interfere with everyday life. Pathological fatigue has been linked with a dysfunction in the cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits. Previous studies have investigated measures of functional connectivity, such as modularity to quantify levels of segregation.

Proactive cognitive control, mathematical cognition and functional activity in the frontal and parietal cortex in primary school children: An fNIRS study.

Understanding how children acquire mathematical abilities is fundamental to planning mathematical schooling. This study focuses on the relationships between mathematical cognition, cognition in general and neural foundation in 8 to 9-year-old children. We used additive mathematics tests, cognitive tests determining the tendency for proactive and reactive problem solving and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for functional brain imaging.

A Longitudinal Study of Medial Temporal Lobe Volumes in Graves Disease.

Context: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common features of Graves disease (GD) in hyperthyroidism and after treatment. The mechanism behind these symptoms is unknown, but reduced hippocampal volumes have been observed in association with increased thyroid hormone levels.

Objective: This work aimed at investigating GD influence on regional medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes.

A Proposal for a Unifying Set of Definitions of Fatigue.

In this paper, we propose a set of unifying definitions that are useful in all areas of fatigue research while remaining neutral to the various theories about fatigue. We first set up two criteria and four desiderata that a definition for interdisciplinary use needs to fulfill: (i) non-circularity, (ii) finiteness, (iii) broadness, (iv) precision, (v) neutrality, and (vi) phenomenon-focus. We argue that other existing attempts to unify definitions within fatigue research do not fulfill all of these criteria and desiderata.

Exhaustion disorder and altered brain activity in frontal cortex detected with fNIRS.

Patients with stress-related Exhaustion Disorder (ED) have problems with memory and executive function. These problems have been associated with deviant activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigated cognitive performance and functional activity in the PFC during prolonged mental activity in patients with ED ( = 20, 16 women) with a mean duration since diagnosis of 46 ± 23 months in comparison to healthy individuals ( = 20, 12 women).

Structural brain changes in hyperthyroid Graves' disease: protocol for an ongoing longitudinal, case-controlled study in Göteborg, Sweden-the CogThy project.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment and reduced well-being are common manifestations of Graves' disease (GD). These symptoms are not only prevalent during the active phase of the disease but also often prevail for a long time after hyperthyroidism is considered cured. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these brain-derived symptoms are currently unknown.

Mental Fatigue and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) - Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Pathological mental fatigue after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI-MF) is characterized by pronounced mental fatigue after cognitive activity. The neurological origin is unknown, and we aimed in the present study to investigate how prolonged mental activity affects cognitive performance and its neural correlates in individuals with TBI-MF. We recruited individuals with TBI-MF ( = 20) at least 5 months after injury, and age-matched healthy controls ( = 20).