Social determinants of ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection: UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study.

Background: The social determinants of ethnic disparities in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK remain unclear.

Methods: In May 2020, a total of 20 195 adults were recruited from the general population into the UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study. Between mid-May and mid-November 2020, participants provided monthly blood samples.

Cohort profile: rationale and methods of UK Biobank repeat imaging study eye measures to study dementia.

Purpose: The retina provides biomarkers of neuronal and vascular health that offer promising insights into cognitive ageing, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This article described the rationale and methodology of eye and vision assessments with the aim of supporting the study of dementia in the UK Biobank Repeat Imaging study.

Participants: UK Biobank is a large-scale, multicentre, prospective cohort containing in-depth genetic, lifestyle, environmental and health information from half a million participants aged 40-69 enrolled in 2006-2010 across the UK.

UK Biobank: a globally important resource for cancer research.

UK Biobank is a large-scale prospective study with deep phenotyping and genomic data. Its open-access policy allows researchers worldwide, from academia or industry, to perform health research in the public interest. Between 2006 and 2010, the study recruited 502,000 adults aged 40-69 years from the general population of the United Kingdom.

Identification of host-pathogen-disease relationships using a scalable multiplex serology platform in UK Biobank.

Certain infectious agents are recognised causes of cancer and other chronic diseases. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying such relationships, here we design a Multiplex Serology platform to measure quantitative antibody responses against 45 antigens from 20 infectious agents including human herpes, hepatitis, polyoma, papilloma, and retroviruses, as well as Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii, then assayed a random subset of 9695 UK Biobank participants. We find seroprevalence estimates consistent with those expected from prior literature and confirm multiple associations of antibody responses with sociodemographic characteristics (e.

Approaches to minimising the epidemiological impact of sources of systematic and random variation that may affect biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank.

: UK Biobank is a large prospective study that recruited 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years, between 2006-2010.The study has collected (and continues to collect) extensive phenotypic and genomic data about its participants. In order to enhance further the value of the UK Biobank resource, a wide range of biochemistry markers were measured in all participants with an available biological sample.

The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants: rationale, data collection, management and future directions.

UK Biobank is a population-based cohort of half a million participants aged 40-69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010. In 2014, UK Biobank started the world's largest multi-modal imaging study, with the aim of re-inviting 100,000 participants to undergo brain, cardiac and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and carotid ultrasound. The combination of large-scale multi-modal imaging with extensive phenotypic and genetic data offers an unprecedented resource for scientists to conduct health-related research.

Current and Emerging Solutions to Challenges in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease.

​​​​Effective multifactorial management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a triadic alliance of the clinician, the patient, and the patient's family and/or care partner(s). During the evaluation process and when the diagnosis of AD is delivered, these parties must work together to set goals and develop care plans. Care plans should be designed to help the patient maintain safety and autonomy as long as he or she can and, once autonomy is no longer possible, to allow the patient and care partner(s) to experience as much comfort and the best possible quality of life for as long as possible.

A Multidisciplinary Approach for Addressing Challenges in Alzheimer's Disease.

In this webcast, experts from the Banner health care system discuss the evaluation of cognitive concerns and cognitive impairment, and the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Topics of the brief video clips include methods for developing therapeutic rapport with patients and their families, identifying and assessing the patient's and/or the care partner's concern, detecting cognitive impairment, characterizing the patient's cognitive-behavioral syndrome, and investigating and determining the etiology of the cognitive impairment or dementia syndrome. The experts also address strategies for delivering a diagnosis to patients and their care partners, planning treatment regimens, and offering education and support.

Cognitive Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias in Clinical Practice: Pragmatics of Brief Instruments and Neuropsychological Evaluation.

Detection of cognitive impairment and dementia (CID) through the use of brief cognitive assessment tools (BCATs) is the first step to establishing an accurate diagnosis and care plan for individuals seen in primary practices. While the cognitive-behavioral syndrome and underlying etiology may not be readily apparent through brief assessment, clinicians can refer patients for a more comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. A timely diagnosis maximizes the potential for patients to be involved in decision-making and planning for their future, and allows for expedited intervention and harm reduction.

Disclosure of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Patient- and Care Partner-Centric Decision-Making and Communication.

Disclosing the diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Related Dementias (ADRD) can be one of the most challenging aspects of dementia care for clinicians. However difficult the diagnosis is to give or receive, evidence and evidence-based consensus support that disclosing a timely AD/ADRD diagnosis, accompanied by psychoeducation and care planning, is beneficial to patient-care partner dyads. Diagnosis, provided as early as possible, increases the likelihood for patients to be involved in decision-making and planning for their future and allows care options to be implemented sooner to provide greater clinical and quality-of-life benefits, reduce potential for harm, and mitigate symptoms and decline.

Large Scale Population Assessment of Physical Activity Using Wrist Worn Accelerometers: The UK Biobank Study.

Background: Physical activity has not been objectively measured in prospective cohorts with sufficiently large numbers to reliably detect associations with multiple health outcomes. Technological advances now make this possible. We describe the methods used to collect and analyse accelerometer measured physical activity in over 100,000 participants of the UK Biobank study, and report variation by age, sex, day, time of day, and season.

Comparison of DNA quantification methodology used in the DNA extraction protocol for the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort study in the UK established by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Wellcome Trust to enable approved researchers to investigate the role of genetic factors, environmental exposures and lifestyle in the causes of major diseases of late and middle age. A wide range of phenotypic data has been collected at recruitment and has recently been enhanced by the UK Biobank Genotyping Project. All UK Biobank participants (500,000) have been genotyped on either the UK Biobank Axiom® Array or the Affymetrix UK BiLEVE Axiom® Array and the workflow for preparing samples for genotyping is described.

The Allelic Landscape of Human Blood Cell Trait Variation and Links to Common Complex Disease.

Many common variants have been associated with hematological traits, but identification of causal genes and pathways has proven challenging. We performed a genome-wide association analysis in the UK Biobank and INTERVAL studies, testing 29.5 million genetic variants for association with 36 red cell, white cell, and platelet properties in 173,480 European-ancestry participants.