Topical Delivery Systems Effectively Transport Analgesics to Areas of Localized Pain via Direct Diffusion.

Topical delivery systems (TDSs) enable the direct transport of analgesics into areas of localized pain and thus minimize the side effects of administration routes that rely on systemic drug distribution. For musculoskeletal pain, clinicians frequently prescribe topical products containing lidocaine or diclofenac. This study assessed whether drug delivery from a TDS into muscle tissue occurs mainly via direct diffusion or systemic transport.

The Impact of Prolonged Inflammation on Wound Healing.

The treatment of chronic wounds still challenges modern medicine because of these wounds' heterogenic pathophysiology. Processes such as inflammation, ischemia and bacterial infection play major roles in the progression of a chronic wound. In recent years, preclinical wound models have been used to understand the underlying processes of chronic wound formation.

OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction: advanced in-vivo open flow microperfusion (OFM) methods for direct and absolute quantification of albumin in interstitial fluid.

Objective: To implement OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction capable of direct and absolute in-vivo quantification of albumin in the ISF of pigs.

Approach: OFM-recirculation and OFM-suction were used to collect ISF in-vivo in pigs and lymph was collected from the same pigs after OFM sampling. Blood was collected before and after OFM sampling, plasma was isolated and mean albumin plasma concentrations per pig were used to yield albumin ISF-to-plasma ratios.

A novel human ex vivo skin model to study early local responses to burn injuries.

Burn injuries initiate numerous processes such as heat shock response, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Reliable burn models are needed to elucidate the exact sequence of local events to be able to better predict when local inflammation triggers systemic inflammatory processes. In contrast to other ex vivo skin culture approaches, we used fresh abdominal skin explants to introduce contact burn injuries.

Variability of Skin Pharmacokinetic Data: Insights from a Topical Bioequivalence Study Using Dermal Open Flow Microperfusion.

Purpose: Dermal open flow microperfusion (dOFM) has previously demonstrated its utility to assess the bioequivalence (BE) of topical drug products in a clinical study. We aimed to characterize the sources of variability in the dermal pharmacokinetic data from that study.

Methods: Exploratory statistical analyses were performed with multivariate data from a clinical dOFM-study in 20 healthy adults evaluating the BE, or lack thereof, of Austrian test (T) and U.

Insulin Distribution in Human Adipose Tissue via a Novel Insulin Infusion Catheter.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a widely used treatment for diabetes patients. Insulin infusion sets (CSII-catheters) are continuously optimized regarding size, handling and safety, but recurring dysfunction (kinking or occlusion), due to different user situations, behavior or chain of events, demand new ways to improve the functionality and safety in patients experiencing these issues. A novel CSII-catheter design (Lantern) features additional lateral perforations, which guarantee functionality even in case of kinking or occlusion.

Extracellular Vesicles in Human Skin: Cross-Talk from Senescent Fibroblasts to Keratinocytes by miRNAs.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their miRNA cargo are intercellular communicators transmitting their pleiotropic messages between different cell types, tissues, and body fluids. Recently, they have been reported to contribute to skin homeostasis and were identified as members of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of human dermal fibroblasts. However, the role of EV-miRNAs in paracrine signaling during skin aging is yet unclear.

Assessment of skin permeability to topically applied drugs by skin impedance and admittance.

Objective: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of topically applied drugs are commonly performed by sampling of interstitial fluid with dermal open flow microperfusion and subsequent analysis of the samples. However, the reliability of results from the measured concentration-time profile of the penetrating drug suffers from highly variable skin permeability to topically applied drugs that is mainly caused by inter- and intra-subject variations of the stratum corneum. Thus, statistically significant results can only be achieved by performing high numbers of experiments.