A Population-based Study Investigating the Incidence of Human Papillomavirus-Associated and Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Adenocarcinomas.

Cervical adenocarcinomas are now classified as human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent types with the former being more common. However, population-based studies regarding the relative incidences of the 2 types are few. This study investigates the incidence of cervical adenocarcinomas in Northern Ireland (a country with a relatively stable population of ~1.

Clinical management and outcome of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs): A single centre retrospective study.

Context: Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare, usually benign, slow-growing tumours arising from neural crest-derived tissue. Definitive management pathways for HNPGLs have yet to be clearly defined.

Objective: To review our experience of the clinical features and management of these tumours and to analyse outcomes of different treatment modalities.

Cervical Gastric-type Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Case Report of a Rare Neoplasm Associated With a BRCA1 Pathogenic Variant.

Gastric-type adenocarcinoma is the commonest human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent adenocarcinoma of the cervix. We report a rare case of a primary cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma with malignant squamous elements (gastric-type adenosquamous carcinoma) in a 64-yr-old female. This is only the third report of a cervical gastric-type adenosquamous carcinoma.

Assessing the frequency of CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes between MGUS and plasma cell myeloma.

Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases, and the most common is monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). This premalignant PCD consistently precedes multiple myeloma (MM), with a 1% risk of progression per year. Evading and suppressing the host immune system is an important step in the progression of MGUS to MM.

HistoClean: Open-source software for histological image pre-processing and augmentation to improve development of robust convolutional neural networks.

The growth of digital pathology over the past decade has opened new research pathways and insights in cancer prediction and prognosis. In particular, there has been a surge in deep learning and computer vision techniques to analyse digital images. Common practice in this area is to use image pre-processing and augmentation to prevent bias and overfitting, creating a more robust deep learning model.

WT1 Positive Ovarian Endometrioid Tumors: Observations From Consult Cases and Strategies for Distinguishing From Serous Neoplasms.

Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, more than any other type of ovarian epithelial malignancy, demonstrates a varied morphology which can cause problems in diagnosis. In tubo-ovarian tumor pathology, WT1 is a commonly used marker as it is consistently expressed in low-grade and high-grade serous carcinomas and is often considered a specific marker of a serous phenotype. However, ovarian endometrioid neoplasms may also express WT1 which may contribute to misdiagnosis.

Bronchus-like Structures in Ovarian Teratomas: Report of a Series of a Previously Unreported Phenomenon With Potential For Misdiagnosis.

We report 10 cases of a previously undescribed lesion within ovarian teratomas which we designate bronchus-like structures. The lesions occurred in patients aged 16 to 56 yr (mean: 36) and involved the left ovary (n=5) or right ovary (n=5). Nine cases were mature teratomas (dermoid cysts/mature cystic teratomas or mature solid teratomas), 1 with somatic malignant transformation, and 1 was an immature teratoma.

Fallopian Tube Mucosal Involvement in Cervical Gastric-type Adenocarcinomas: Report of a Series With Discussion of the Distinction From Synchronous In Situ Tubal Lesions.

Cervical gastric-type adenocarcinomas are aggressive non-human papillomavirus-related carcinomas with a propensity for extracervical spread, including unusual sites such as the omentum, peritoneum, and ovary. We report 7 cases of cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma with fallopian tube involvement predominantly in the form of mucosal colonization without underlying invasion. As far as we are aware, this has not been previously described and this report adds to the literature regarding metastatic neoplasms, which may exhibit tubal mucosal involvement and mimic an in situ lesion at this site.

Ganglioneuroblastoma Arising in an Ovarian Dermoid Cyst: First Report in the Literature.

The development of a somatic neoplasm within an ovarian dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) is a rare, but well described, phenomenon which occurs in approximately 1% of all cases. Any of the tissue components of a dermoid cyst has the potential to undergo neoplastic transformation with carcinoid tumors and squamous cell carcinomas being among the most common neoplasms. We report a case of a ganglioneuroblastoma arising within an ovarian dermoid cyst, an association which, as far as we are aware, has not been described previously.

Kelly procedure for male primary epispadias.

Introduction: Primary epispadias is a rare congenital malformation involving the urogenital system. In patients with epispadias, bladder closure enhances bladder growth and continence.

Methods: Several steps were carried out to bring the bladder neck to the midline and allow tension-free bladder neck reconstruction and recreation of the natural angulation of urethra.

Lithium Modulates Autophagy in Esophageal and Colorectal Cancer Cells and Enhances the Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents In Vitro and In Vivo.

Many epithelial cancers, particularly gastrointestinal tract cancers, remain poor prognosis diseases, due to resistance to cytotoxic therapy and local or metastatic recurrence. We have previously shown that apoptosis incompetent esophageal cancer cells induce autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents and this can facilitate their recovery. However, known pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy could not enhance cytotoxicity.

High-flow priapism following perineal trauma in a child.

Priapism is a rare condition in children and can be classified as high or low flow. We present a case of traumatic high-flow priapism that was successfully managed by selective embolisation of a branch of the internal pudendal artery. The pertinent clinical features are antecedent trauma and prolonged painless partial erection.

Adenovirus-mediated transcriptional targeting of colorectal cancer and effects on treatment-resistant hypoxic cells.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and frequently presents with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are important gene delivery agents because they offer efficient and broad tissue transduceability. However, their ability to penetrate through multicell layers in colorectal cancers and maintain expression in colon tumor-related hypoxic conditions has yet to be analyzed.

Control and augmentation of long-term plasmid transgene expression in vivo in murine muscle tissue and ex vivo in patient mesenchymal tissue.

Purpose: In vivo gene therapy directed at tissues of mesenchymal origin could potentially augment healing. We aimed to assess the duration and magnitude of transene expression in vivo in mice and ex vivo in human tissues.

Methods: Using bioluminescence imaging, plasmid and adenoviral vector-based transgene expression in murine quadriceps in vivo was examined.