Predicting the replicability of social and behavioural science claims in COVID-19 preprints.

Replications are important for assessing the reliability of published findings. However, they are costly, and it is infeasible to replicate everything. Accurate, fast, lower-cost alternatives such as eliciting predictions could accelerate assessment for rapid policy implementation in a crisis and help guide a more efficient allocation of scarce replication resources.

Use of a confocal optical device for centring a diamond anvil cell in single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments.

High-pressure crystallographic data can be measured using a diamond anvil cell (DAC), which allows the sample to be viewed only along a cell vector which runs perpendicular to the diamond anvils. Although centring a sample perpendicular to this direction is straightforward, methods for centring along this direction often rely on sample focusing, measurements of the direct beam or short data collections followed by refinement of the crystal offsets. These methods may be inaccurate, difficult to apply or slow.

Rapid normalization of vitamin D deficiency in PICU (VITdALIZE-KIDS): study protocol for a phase III, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: The rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in critically ill children worldwide has been estimated at 50%. These children are at risk of multiple organ dysfunction, chronic morbidity, and decreased health related quality of life (HRQL). Pediatric and adult ICU clinical trials suggest that VDD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, although data from supplementation trials are limited and inconclusive.

Multicentre validation of CT grey-level co-occurrence matrix features for overall survival in primary oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Personalising management of primary oesophageal adenocarcinoma requires better risk stratification. Lack of independent validation of proposed imaging biomarkers has hampered clinical translation. We aimed to prospectively validate previously identified prognostic grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) CT features for 3-year overall survival.

The Advantages of Flexibility: The Role of Entropy in Crystal Structures Containing C-H···F Interactions.

Molecular crystal structures are often interpreted in terms of strong, structure directing, intermolecular interactions, especially those with distinct geometric signatures such as H-bonds or π-stacking interactions. Other interactions can be overlooked, perhaps because they are weak or lack a characteristic geometry. We show that although the cumulative effect of weak interactions is significant, their deformability also leads to occupation of low energy vibrational energy levels, which provides an additional stabilizing entropic contribution.

Measuring evidence-based clinical guideline compliance in the paediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Evidence-based clinical care guidelines improve medical treatment by reducing error, improving outcomes and possibly lowering healthcare costs. While some data exist on individual guideline compliance, no data exist on overall compliance to multiple nuanced guidelines in a paediatric intensive care setting.

Methods: Guideline compliance was observed and measured with a prospective cohort at a tertiary academic paediatric medical-surgical intensive care unit.

Safety of primary nasotracheal intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Background: Nasal tracheal intubation (TI) represents a minority of all TI in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The risks and benefits of nasal TI are not well quantified. As such, safety and descriptive data regarding this practice are warranted.

Towards practical object detection for weed spraying in precision agriculture.

Weeds pose a persistent threat to farmers' yields, but conventional methods for controlling weed populations, like herbicide spraying, pose a risk to the surrounding ecosystems. Precision spraying aims to reduce harms to the surrounding environment by targeting only the weeds rather than spraying the entire field with herbicide. Such an approach requires weeds to first be detected.

Tracheal Intubation by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in Pediatric Critical Care: Retrospective Study From the National Emergency Airway for Children Registry (2015-2019).

Objectives: To describe tracheal intubation (TI) practice by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in North American PICUs, including rates of TI-associated events (TIAEs) from 2015 to 2019.

Design/setting: Retrospective study using the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children with all TIs performed in PICU and pediatric cardiac ICU between January 2015 and December 2019. The primary outcome was first attempt TI success rate.

The effect of dehydration, hyperchloremia and volume of fluid resuscitation on acute kidney injury in children admitted to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognized comorbidity in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), although the exact etiology is unclear. The unique physiology of DKA makes dehydration assessments challenging, and these patients potentially receive excessive amounts of intravenous fluids (IVF). We hypothesized that dehydration is over-estimated in pediatric DKA, leading to over-administration of IVF and hyperchloremia that worsens AKI.

Biallelic variants in ribonuclease inhibitor (RNH1), an inflammasome modulator, are associated with a distinctive subtype of acute, necrotizing encephalopathy.

Purpose: Mendelian etiologies for acute encephalopathies in previously healthy children are poorly understood, with the exception of RAN binding protein 2 (RANBP2)-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy subtype 1 (ANE1). We provide clinical, genetic, and neuroradiological evidence that biallelic variants in ribonuclease inhibitor (RNH1) confer susceptibility to a distinctive ANE subtype.

Methods: This study aimed to evaluate clinical data, neuroradiological studies, genomic sequencing, and protein immunoblotting results in 8 children from 4 families who experienced acute febrile encephalopathy.

Ketamine Use in the Intubation of Critically Ill Children with Neurological Indications: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Ketamine has traditionally been avoided for tracheal intubations (TIs) in patients with acute neurological conditions. We evaluate its current usage pattern in these patients and any associated adverse events.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of critically ill children undergoing TI for neurological indications in 53 international pediatric intensive care units and emergency departments.

Implementation of Video Laryngoscope-Assisted Coaching Reduces Adverse Tracheal Intubation-Associated Events in the PICU.

Objectives: To evaluate implementation of a video laryngoscope (VL) as a coaching device to reduce adverse tracheal intubation associated events (TIAEs).

Design: Prospective multicenter interventional quality improvement study.

Setting: Ten PICUs in North America.

Distinct phenotypes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a cohort study.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe disease with an unpredictable course and a substantial risk of cardiogenic shock. Our objectives were to (a) compare MIS-C phenotypes across the COVID-19 pandemic, (b) identify features associated with intensive care need and treatment with biologic agents.

Methods: Youth aged 0-18 years, fulfilling the World Health Organization case definition of MIS-C, and admitted to the Alberta Children's Hospital during the first four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020-December 2021) were included in this cohort study.

EQRbot: A chatbot delivering EQR argument-based explanations.

Recent years have witnessed the rise of several new argumentation-based support systems, especially in the healthcare industry. In the medical sector, it is imperative that the exchange of information occurs in a clear and accurate way, and this has to be reflected in any employed virtual systems. Argument Schemes and their critical questions represent well-suited formal tools for modeling such information and exchanges since they provide detailed templates for explanations to be delivered.

Unplanned Extubations Requiring Reintubation in Pediatric Critical Care: An Epidemiological Study.

Objectives: Unplanned extubations are an infrequent but life-threatening adverse event in pediatric critical care. Due to the rarity of these events, previous studies have been small, limiting the generalizability of findings and the ability to detect associations. Our objectives were to describe unplanned extubations and explore predictors of unplanned extubation requiring reintubation in PICUs.

The Effect of High Pressure on Polymorphs of a Derivative of Blatter's Radical: Identification of the Structural Signatures of Subtle Phase Transitions.

The effect of pressure on the α and β polymorphs of a derivative of Blatter's radical, 3-phenyl-1-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl, has been investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction to maximum pressures of 5.76 and 7.42 GPa, respectively.

Effect of apneic oxygenation with intubation to reduce severe desaturation and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in critically ill children.

Background: Determine if apneic oxygenation (AO) delivered via nasal cannula during the apneic phase of tracheal intubation (TI), reduces adverse TI-associated events (TIAEs) in children.

Methods: AO was implemented across 14 pediatric intensive care units as a quality improvement intervention during 2016-2020. Implementation consisted of an intubation safety checklist, leadership endorsement, local champion, and data feedback to frontline clinicians.

Hydrate formation at extreme conditions.

The article of Yamashita [ (2022), C, 749–754] on water intercalation into the B1 structure of KCl under high pressure illustrates the ability of crystal growth to by-pass kinetic barriers between phases, demonstrating the importance of this approach in phase discovery.

Digital Informed Consent: Modernising Information Sharing in Surgery to Empower Patients.

Background: Despite the 2015 Montgomery Ruling highlighting key requisites for informed consent, little has changed to modernise data-sharing and documentation of the consent process. It can be difficult to gauge patient understanding and address all patient concerns in time-limited appointments. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a digital information-sharing platform to support a move towards a digital informed consent process.

Quality improvement interventions to prevent unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care: a systematic review.

Background: An unplanned extubation is the uncontrolled and accidental removal of a breathing tube and is an important quality indicator in pediatric critical care. The objective of this review was to comprehensively synthesize literature published on quality improvement (QI) practices implemented to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in critically ill children.

Methods: We included original, primary research on quality improvement interventions to reduce the rate of unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care.

From Gas Phase Observations to Solid State Reality: The Identification and Isolation of Trinuclear Salicylaldoximato Copper Complexes.

Conditions have been identified in which phenolic aldoximes and ketoximes of the types used in commercial solvent extraction processes can be doubly deprotonated and generate polynuclear Cu complexes with lower extractant:Cu molar ratios than those found in commercial operations. Electrospray mass spectrometry has provided an insight into the solution speciation in extraction experiments and has identified conditions to allow isolation and characterization of polynuclear Cu-complexes. Elevation of pH is effective in enhancing the formation of trinuclear complexes containing planar {Cu-μ-O} or {Cu-μ-OH} units.

Covalent bond shortening and distortion induced by pressurization of thorium, uranium, and neptunium tetrakis aryloxides.

Covalency involving the 5f orbitals is regularly invoked to explain the reactivity, structure and spectroscopic properties of the actinides, but the ionic versus covalent nature of metal-ligand bonding in actinide complexes remains controversial. The tetrakis 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide complexes of Th, U and Np form an isostructural series of crystal structures containing approximately tetrahedral MO cores. We show that up to 3 GPa the Th and U crystal structures show negative linear compressibility as the OMO angles distort.