Coupled bio-solar photocatalytic treatment for reclamation of water polluted with pharmaceutical and pesticide residues: Impact on tomato irrigation.

Reusing reclaimed water for crop irrigation can mitigate water scarcity in agriculture; however, contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides in wastewater pose risks. This study investigated the impact of a coupled bio-solar photocatalytic treatment on the reclamation of water polluted with seven pharmaceuticals and seven pesticides for irrigation of two tomato crop cycles. Pollutant residues were removed using natural sunlight and TiO/NaSO in a pilot plant located in Murcia, Spain.

How Pharmaceutical Residues Occur, Behave, and Affect the Soil Environment.

Many pharmaceuticals (PhMs), compounds for the treatment or prevention of diseases in humans and animals, have been identified as pollutants of emerging concern (PECs) due to their wide environmental distribution and potential adverse impact on nontarget organisms and populations. They are often found at significant levels in soils due to the continuous release of effluent and sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the release of which occurs much faster than the removal of PhMs. Although they are generally present at low environmental concentrations, conventional wastewater treatment cannot successfully remove PhMs from influent streams or biosolids.

Understanding How Chemical Pollutants Arise and Evolve in the Brewing Supply Chain: A Scoping Review.

In this study, a critical review was carried out using the Web of Science Core Collection database to analyse the scientific literature published to date to identify lines of research and future perspectives on the presence of chemical pollutants in beer brewing. Beer is one of the world's most popular drinks and the most consumed alcoholic beverage. However, a widespread challenge with potential implications for human and animal health is the presence of physical, chemical, and/or microbiological contaminants in beer.

Comprehensive Review on Monitoring, Behavior, and Impact of Pesticide Residues during Beer-Making.

This paper reviews the impact of beer-making stages (malting, mashing, boiling, and fermentation) on the behavior of pesticide residues. The large use of pesticides on barley and hop could cause the occurrence of their residues in beer. The foremost factors influencing the stability of residues (pH, temperature, and water content) and the physical-chemical properties of pesticides (octanol-water partition coefficient, vapor pressure, and water solubility) are essential to know their final fate.

Removal assessment of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from drinking water supplies by solar heterogeneous photocatalysis: A case study of trihalomethanes (THMs).

Solar heterogeneous photocatalysis was used to remove trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water. THMs, mainly trichloromethane (TCM), tribromomethane (TBM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and dibromochloromethane (DBCM) are one of the main class of disinfection by-products (DBPs). THMs were determined by HSGC-MS with detection limits (LODs) ranging from 0.

Photocatalytic degradation of four insecticides and their main generated transformation products in soil and pepper crop irrigated with reclaimed agro-wastewater under natural sunlight.

This work is the first-ever study of the concurrence of four insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, pirimicarb and thiamethoxam) and their main transformation products (TPs) in soil and pepper crop irrigated with reclaimed and non-reclaimed water under agricultural field conditions. Field experiments were conducted using different irrigation supplies: control water (CW), wastewater polluted with phytosanitary commercial products containing the studied insecticides (WW) and reclaimed wastewater after a photocatalytic processing with TiO/NaSO at pilot plant under sunlight (RWW). Photocatalytic treatments removed most of the insecticides and their TPs generated during the photoperiod.

Mobility of insecticide residues and main intermediates in a clay-loam soil, and impact of leachate components on their photocatalytic degradation.

This work assesses the behavior (adsorption, degradation and leaching) of four insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, thiametoxam, imidacloprid and pirimicarb) and their main reaction intermediates in a clay-loam textured soil (1.6% OM). Following the batch equilibrium method, the K (as log values) ranged from 1.

Removal Kinetics of Four Leacher Herbicides Through Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as Influenced by Water Matrix Components.

This work focuses on the effect of dissolved substances on the photocatalytic degradation of four herbicides, metribuzin and terbuthylazine (triazine) and chlorotoluron and isoproturon (phenylurea) in three different water matrix (deionized, mineral and leaching water). To study the effect of heterogeneous photocatalysis on their degradation, TiO and ZnO were used as photocatalysts in tandem with an oxidant (NaSO). Results show that the addition of both semiconductor materials significantly enhances degradation of the herbicides although in different proportions.

Appraisal of water matrix on the removal of fungicide residues by heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment using UV-LED lamp as light source.

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of four fungicides, myclobutanil, penconazole and difenoconazole (triazole compounds) and boscalid (carboxamide), has been examined in different aqueous matrices (tap water, irrigation water and two WWPT effluents). Experiments were conducted at laboratory scale with different reagents-zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO), sodium persulphate (NaSO) and the combined systems ZnO/NaSO and TiO/NaSO-in water exposed to UV-LED irradiation. Previously, the effect of catalyst and oxidant loading on the disappearance kinetics of the different fungicides was assessed to know maximum degradation efficiency.

Solar photocatalysis as strategy for on-site reclamation of agro-wastewater polluted with pesticide residues on farms using a modular facility.

One of the consequences of phytosanitary treatments applied to crops is the generation of a great volume of agro-wastewater having pesticide residues. These pollutants can be considered a serious threat to the environment and human health due to their capacity to affect distant areas remaining for a long time after their application. We have assessed the degradation of five pesticides in agro-waste water produced in two farms by the cleaning pesticide containers and phytosanitary treatment equipment used in the farms.

Leaching behaviour appraisal of eight persistent herbicides on a loam soil amended with different composted organic wastes using screening indices.

The addition of organic wastes is a common agronomic practice in some Mediterranean regions to increase soil organic matter. In addition, they consume high amounts of agrochemicals. Hand-packed soil columns were used to evaluate the effect of three different composted organic soil amendments (agro-forestry, agro-industrial and animal manure) on the leachability of eight persistent herbicides.

Use of Index-Based Screening Models to Evaluate the Leaching of Triclopyr and Fluroxypyr Through a Loam Soil Amended with Vermicompost.

The effect of vermicompost added to a loam soil on the leaching behaviour of two herbicides (triclopyr and fluroxypyr) was examined. Mobility of the herbicides was assessed using disturbed soil columns under laboratory conditions. In both cases, the addition of vermicompost significantly increased the sorption of the compounds.

Electrospun silk fibroin/TiO mats. Preparation, characterization and efficiency for the photocatalytic solar treatment of pesticide polluted water.

The photocatalytic properties of silk fibroin (SF) incorporating TiO nanoparticles using an electrospinning technique were examined. Electrospun SF/TiO mats were successfully prepared and characterized by different techniques (XRD, FE-SEM, XPS, XDS, FTIR and BET). The photocatalytic efficiency of these materials were assessed by their ability to degrade four pesticides (boscalid, hexythiazox, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) in water exposed to solar irradiation.

Solar-driven photocatalytic treatment as sustainable strategy to remove pesticide residues from leaching water.

We have demonstrated the potential leaching of eight compounds, one insecticide (flonicamid) and seven fungicides (myclobutanil, penconazole, boscalid, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and fenpyroximate) trough a typical Mediterranean soil (Calcaric regosol). The concentrations found in leaching water were in all cases above the limit set by the EU in groundwater (0.1 μg L).

Reclamation of agro-wastewater polluted with pesticide residues using sunlight activated persulfate for agricultural reuse.

The removal of 17 pesticides (pymetrozine, flonicamid, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, cymoxanil, thiachloprid, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, triadimenol, tebuconazole, fluopyram, difenoconazole, cyflufenamid, hexythiazox, spiromesifen, folpet and acrinathrin) found in agro-wastewater from washing of containers and phytosanitary treatments equipment, has been carried out using sodium persulfate (NaSO) at pilot plant scale under natural sunlight. Persulfate is a strong oxidant, inexpensive and environmentally appropriate. However, this oxidant is slow in kinetics under ordinary conditions.

Solar photocatalytic reclamation of agro-waste water polluted with twelve pesticides for agricultural reuse.

This study aims to demonstrate a technically feasible alternative to remove pesticide residues from agro-waste water produced in farms from remnants in containers and treatment tanks, rinse in tanks after treatments, and cleaning of machines and equipment. For this, the photocatalyzed degradation of 12 pesticides commonly used on vegetables, vines, citrus and fruit crops was investigated in aqueous suspensions of TiO in tandem with NaSO at pilot plant scale under natural sunlight in Murcia (SE of Spain) during summer and winter seasons. Previously, preliminary experiments were carried out at laboratory scale using a photoreactor to optimize the photocatalyst (200 mg L) and oxidant (250 mg L) concentrations on the rate constants of the studied pesticides.

Solar reclamation of wastewater effluent polluted with bisphenols, phthalates and parabens by photocatalytic treatment with TiO/NaSO at pilot plant scale.

Investigations of anthropogenic contaminants in fresh- and wastewater have shown a wide variety of undesirable organic compounds such as Endocrine Disruptors (EDs). As a result, wastewater treatments using innovative technologies to remove those organic compounds are required. In this paper, the photodegradation of six EDs in wastewater at pilot plant scale is reported.

Photocatalytic oxidation of six endocrine disruptor chemicals in wastewater using ZnO at pilot plant scale under natural sunlight.

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are xenobiotics that interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, and elimination of the natural hormones. In this paper, the photodegradation of six EDs in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents at pilot plant scale is reported. The EDs were bisphenol A, bisphenol B, diamyl phthalate, butyl benzylphthalate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.

Evaluation of the Leaching Potential of Anthranilamide Insecticides Through the Soil.

The mobility of two relatively new antranilic diamide insecticides, cyanantraniliprole (CY) and cholantraniliprole (CH) in soil was examined, by means of disturbed columns loaded with a typical semiarid Mediterranean soil (Calcaric fluvisol) under laboratory conditions. Both insecticides appeared in leachates, with 52% of CY and 41% of CH of the initial mass added (1 µg g) present. For CY, 21% and 19% were recovered from the upper and bottom layers of the soil, respectively, while for CH, 33% and 22% were recovered from the upper and bottom layers respectively.

Trial of solar heating methods (solarization and biosolarization) to reduce persistence of neonicotinoid and diamide insecticides in a semiarid Mediterranean soil.

This paper reports the use of solar heating techniques, solarization (S) and biosolarization (BS) as a strategy for the environmental restoration of soils containing neonicotinoid, acetamiprid (AC), imidacloprid (IM) and thiamethoxam (TH), and diamide, chlorantraniliprole (CL) and flubendiamide (FB) insecticide residues. For this, a semiarid Mediterranean soil (Haplic calcisol) was covered with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) during the hot season, to raise the maximal soil temperatures. Compost from sheep manure (CSM), meat-processing waste (MPW) and sugar beet vinasse (SBV) were used as organic wastes.

Enhanced degradation of spiro-insecticides and their leacher enol derivatives in soil by solarization and biosolarization techniques.

The leaching potential of three insecticides (spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat) was assessed using disturbed soil columns. Small quantities of spirodiclofen and spiromesifen were detected in leachate fraction, while spirotetramat residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, the transformation products (enol derivatives) are relatively more mobile than the parent compounds and may leach into groundwater.

Reclamation of Water Polluted with Flubendiamide Residues by Photocatalytic Treatment with Semiconductor Oxides.

The photodegradation of flubendiamide (benzenedicarboxamide insecticide), a relatively new insecticide was investigated in aqueous suspensions binary (ZnO of and TiO2 ) and ternary (Zn2 TiO4 and ZnTiO3 ) oxides under artificial light (300-460 nm) irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of semiconductors, especially ZnO and TiO2 , in tandem with an electron acceptor (Na2 S2 O8 ) enhances the degradation rate of this compound in comparison with those carried out with catalyst alone and photolytic tests. The photocatalytical degradation of flubendiamide using ZnO/Na2 S2 O8 and TiO2 /Na2 S2 O8 followed first-order kinetics.

Photodegradation of neonicotinoid insecticides in water by semiconductor oxides.

The photocatalytic degradation of three neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs), thiamethoxam (TH), imidacloprid (IM) and acetamiprid (AC), in pure water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalysts under natural sunlight and artificial light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of these chalcogenide oxides in tandem with the electron acceptor (Na2S2O8) strongly enhances the degradation rate of these compounds in comparison with those carried out with ZnO and TiO2 alone and photolytic tests. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for the removal of such insecticides in optimal conditions and at constant volumetric rate of photon absorption.

Use of different organic wastes as strategy to mitigate the leaching potential of phenylurea herbicides through the soil.

In this study, the leaching of 14 substituted phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) through disturbed soil columns packed with three different soils was investigated in order to determine their potential for groundwater pollution. Simultaneously, a series of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effect of four different organic wastes (composted sheep manure (CSM), composted pine bark (CPB), spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coir (CR)) on their mobility. All herbicides, except difenoxuron, showed medium/high leachability through the unamended soils.