The novel vasopressin receptor (V1aR) antagonist SRX246 reduces anxiety in an experimental model in humans: a randomized proof-of-concept study.

Rationale: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide that modulates both physiological and emotional responses to threat. Until recently, drugs that target vasopressin receptors (V1a) in the human central nervous system were unavailable. The development of a novel V1a receptor antagonist, SRX246, permits the experimental validation of vasopressin's role in the regulation of anxiety and fear in humans.

Moderation of the transgenerational transference of antenatal stress-induced anxiety.

Maternal stress has debilitating implications for both mother and child, including increased risk for anxiety. The current COVID-19 pandemic escalates these phenomena, thus, urging the need to further explore and validate feasible therapeutic options. Unlike the protracted nature of clinical studies, animal models could offer swift evidence.

A thermal trade-off between viral production and degradation drives virus-phytoplankton population dynamics.

Marine viruses interact with microbial hosts in dynamic environments shaped by variation in abiotic factors, including temperature. However, the impacts of temperature on viral infection of phytoplankton are not well understood. Here we coupled mathematical modelling with experiments to explore the effect of temperature on virus-phytoplankton interactions.

Asymptomatic common extensor tendon pathology in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Introduction/aims: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and lateral epicondylitis are both highly prevalent conditions. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of B-mode ultrasound abnormalities of the common extensor tendon (CET) in patients with CTS and establish the relationship between CET stiffness, as measured by shear wave elastography (SWE) and CTS severity.

Methods: Patients without symptoms or signs of lateral epicondylitis were recruited from referrals to a neurophysiology laboratory for possible CTS.

Does DDI-Predictor Help Pharmacists to Detect Drug-Drug Interactions and Resolve Medication Issues More Effectively?

The characterization of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may require the use of several different tools, such as the thesaurus issued by our national health agency (i.e., ANSM), the metabolic pathways table from the Geneva University Hospital (GUH), and DDI-Predictor (DDI-P).

Internet-based psychological therapies: A qualitative study of National Health Service commissioners and managers views.

Objectives: To explore in-depth the views on Internet-based psychological therapies and their implementation from the perspective of National Health Service (NHS) commissioners and managers.

Design: Qualitative interview study.

Method: Ten NHS commissioners and managers participated in a semi-structured, co-produced interview.

Venous thrombosis and predictors of relapse in eosinophil-related diseases.

Eosinophils have widespread procoagulant effects. Eosinophilic cardiovascular toxicity mostly consists of endomyocardial damage or eosinophilic vasculitis, while reported cases of venous thrombosis (VT) are scarce. We aimed to report on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with unexplained VT and eosinophilia, and to identify predictors of relapse.

Feasibility of structured light Plethysmography (SLP) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, most institutions have changed the way patients are assessed or investigated. Using novel non-contact technology, it is possible to continuously monitor the lung function of peri-operative patients undergoing cardiothoracic procedures. Primarily, this results in increased patient surveillance, and therefore, safety.

ESTIMATION OF CELL LINEAGE TREES BY MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD PHYLOGENETICS.

CRISPR technology has enabled cell lineage tracing for complex multicellular organisms through insertion-deletion mutations of synthetic genomic barcodes during organismal development. To reconstruct the cell lineage tree from the mutated barcodes, current approaches apply general-purpose computational tools that are agnostic to the mutation process and are unable to take full advantage of the data's structure. We propose a statistical model for the CRISPR mutation process and develop a procedure to estimate the resulting tree topology, branch lengths, and mutation parameters by iteratively applying penalized maximum likelihood estimation.

IgG4-related disease: a great mimicker of lung cancer.

IgG4-related disease is a rheumatological disorder, affecting multiple organ systems, and displaying dense lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate and storiform fibrosis on histology. The pulmonary manifestations of IgG4-related disease are varied. Most commonly, bronchovascular consolidation and perilymphatic parenchymal thickening occur.

Underuse of Behavioral Treatments for Headache: a Narrative Review Examining Societal and Cultural Factors.

Migraine affects over 40 million Americans and is the world's second most disabling condition. As the majority of medical care for migraine occurs in primary care settings, not in neurology nor headache subspecialty practices, healthcare system interventions should focus on primary care. Though there is grade A evidence for behavioral treatment (e.

Evaluating the Impact of Stopping Chronic Therapies after Modulator Drug Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis: The SIMPLIFY Clinical Trial Study Design.

The care for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) with at least one F508del mutation will greatly change as a result of the unparalleled clinical benefits observed with the new triple-combination CFTR (CF transmembrane regulator)-modulator therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI). Incorporating ETI into the standard of care creates new motivation and opportunity to consider reductions in overall treatment burden and evaluate whether other chronic medications can now be safely discontinued without loss of clinical benefit. SIMPLIFY is a master protocol poised to test the impact of discontinuing versus continuing two commonly used chronic therapies in people with CF who are at least 12 years of age or older and stable on ETI therapy.

An interbacterial DNA deaminase toxin directly mutagenizes surviving target populations.

When bacterial cells come in contact, antagonism mediated by the delivery of toxins frequently ensues. The potential for such encounters to have long-term beneficial consequences in recipient cells has not been investigated. Here, we examined the effects of intoxication by DddA, a cytosine deaminase delivered via the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of .

Does bevacizumab increase joint pain in patients with cancer? Results of the prospective observational BEVARTHRALGIA study.

Purpose: The occurrence of arthralgia and myalgia during treatment with bevacizumab (Bev) has been described but not spontaneously reported. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of arthralgia in patients treated with Bev and identify the risk factors.

Methods: In this observational prospective study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to patients at the initiation of Bev and at 3 and 6 months of treatment.

A Flexible Framework for Nonparametric Graphical Modeling that Accommodates Machine Learning.

Graphical modeling has been broadly useful for exploring the dependence structure among features in a dataset. However, the strength of graphical modeling hinges on our ability to encode and estimate conditional dependencies. In particular, commonly used measures such as partial correlation are only meaningful under strongly parametric (in this case, multivariate Gaussian) assumptions.

Dopamine receptors regulate preference between high-effort and high-risk rewards.

Rationale: Optimal decision-making necessitates evaluation of multiple rewards that are each offset by distinct costs, such as high effort requirement or high risk of failure. The neurotransmitter dopamine is fundamental toward these cost-benefit analyses, and D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors differently modulate the reward-discounting effects of both effort and risk. However, measuring the role of dopamine in regulating decision-making between options associated with distinct costs exceeds the scope of traditional rodent economic decision-making paradigms.

Disaggregating Data on Pacific Islander Gastric Cancer Patients Reveals Survival Disparity.

Purpose: The incidence and prognosis of Pacific Islanders with gastric cancer is not well documented as previous studies have often aggregated this population with Asians. The purpose of our study was to describe patient and tumor characteristics, as well as prognostic factors of Pacific Islanders with gastric cancer.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal junction or gastric adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2014 were identified in the tumor registry of the largest hospital in Hawaii.

Population pharmacokinetic model of blood THC and its metabolites in chronic and occasional cannabis users and relationship with on-site oral fluid testing.

Aims: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PP) model of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in blood and to determine the relationship between blood THC pharmacokinetics and results of on-site oral fluid (OF) testing in chronic (CC) and occasional (OC) cannabis users.

Methods: Fifteen CC (1-2 joints/day) and 15 OC (1-2 joints/week) aged 18-34 years were included, genotyped for their CYP2C9 polymorphisms. Twelve measurements of blood THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH were carried out during the 24-hour period after controlled cross-over random inhalation of placebo, 10 mg or 30 mg of THC.

Groupyr: Sparse Group Lasso in Python.

For high-dimensional supervised learning, it is often beneficial to use domain-specific knowledge to improve the performance of statistical learning models. When the problem contains covariates which form groups, researchers can include this grouping information to find parsimonious representations of the relationship between covariates and targets. These groups may arise artificially, as from the polynomial expansion of a smaller feature space, or naturally, as from the anatomical grouping of different brain regions or the geographical grouping of different cities.

Characterization of Laminins in Healthy Human Aortic Valves and a Modified Decellularized Rat Scaffold.

Aortic valve stenosis is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in western countries and can only be treated by replacement with a prosthetic valve. Tissue engineering is an emerging and promising treatment option, but in-depth knowledge about the microstructure of native heart valves is lacking, making the development of tissue-engineered heart valves challenging. Specifically, the basement membrane (BM) of heart valves remains incompletely characterized, and decellularization protocols that preserve BM components are necessary to advance the field.

Visual system characterization of the obligate bat ectoparasite Trichobius frequens (Diptera: Streblidae).

As an obligate ectoparasite of bats, the bat fly Trichobius frequens (Diptera: Streblidae) inhabits the same subterranean environment as their nocturnal bat hosts. In this study, we characterize the macromorphology, optical architecture, rhabdom anatomy, photoreceptor absorbance, and opsin expression of the significantly reduced visual system in T. frequens resulting from evolution in the dark.

Drug safety profiles in geriatric patients with Parkinson's disease using the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) classification: results from a mono-centric retrospective analysis.

To reduce potentially inappropriate medications, the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) concept classifies drugs in terms of their suitability for geriatric patients with different labels, namely A (indispensable), B (beneficial), C (questionable), and D (avoid). The aims of our study were to assess the medication appropriateness in PD inpatients applying the FORTA list and drug-drug interaction software, further to assess the adequacy of FORTA list for patients with PD. We retrospectively collected demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory values, and the medication from the discharge letters of 123 geriatric inpatients with PD at the university hospital of Hannover Medical School.