Anal Ureaplasma spp. positivity among HIV positive men who have sex with men may be associated with high-risk-type HPV infections.

Objective: HIV positive individuals, particularly men having sex with men (MSM), are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at genital and extra-genital sites. Data on anorectal Ureaplasma infections are lacking. The aim of our study was to characterize anal Ureaplasma positivity among a cohort of HIV positive MSM and evaluate possible association with papillomavirus infection at the same site.

Antibody opsonization enhances MAIT cell responsiveness to bacteria via a TNF-dependent mechanism.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant human T-cell subset with antimicrobial properties. They can respond to bacteria presented via antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, which present bacterially derived ligands from the riboflavin synthesis pathway on MR1. Moreover, MAIT cells are also highly responsive to cytokines which enhance and even substitute for T-cell receptor-mediated signaling.