Mechanism of Electrocatalytic H Evolution, Carbonyl Hydrogenation, and Carbon-Carbon Coupling on Cu.

Aqueous-phase electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde on Cu leads not only to benzyl alcohol (the carbonyl hydrogenation product), but Cu also catalyzes carbon-carbon coupling to hydrobenzoin. In the absence of an organic substrate, H evolution proceeds via the Volmer-Tafel mechanism on Cu/C, with the Tafel step being rate-determining. In the presence of benzaldehyde, the catalyst surface is primarily covered with the organic substrate, while H* coverage is low.

A disruptive clickable antibody design for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates.

Background: Antibody-drug conjugates are cancer therapeutics that combine specificity and toxicity. A highly cytotoxic drug is covalently attached to an antibody that directs it to cancer cells. The conjugation of the drug-linker to the antibody is a key point in research and development as well as in industrial production.

Synthesis of an Anti-CD7 Recombinant Immunotoxin Based on PE24 in CHO and Cell-Free Systems.

Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are an effective class of agents for targeted therapy in cancer treatment. In this article, we demonstrate the straight-forward production and testing of an anti-CD7 RIT based on PE24 in a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell-free system. The prokaryotic cell-free system was derived from Escherichia coli BL21 StarTM (DE3) cells transformed with a plasmid encoding the chaperones groEL/groES.

A CHO-Based Cell-Free Dual Fluorescence Reporter System for the Straightforward Assessment of Amber Suppression and scFv Functionality.

Incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) with bioorthogonal reactive groups by amber suppression allows the generation of synthetic proteins with desired novel properties. Such modified molecules are in high demand for basic research and therapeutic applications such as cancer treatment and imaging. The positioning of the ncAA-responsive codon within the protein's coding sequence is critical in order to maintain protein function, achieve high yields of ncAA-containing protein, and allow effective conjugation.

Yeast XRS2 and human NBN gene: Experimental evidence for homology using codon optimized cDNA.

The genes, XRS2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NBN in mammals, have little sequence identity at the amino acid level. Nevertheless, they are both found together with MRE11 and RAD50 in a highly conserved protein complex which functions in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Here, we have examined the evolutionary and functional relationship of these two genes by cross-complementation experiments.

Seeding induced by alpha-synuclein oligomers provides evidence for spreading of alpha-synuclein pathology.

Lewy bodies, alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) immunopositive intracellular deposits, are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, Lewybody-like structures have been identified in fetal tissue grafts about one decade after transplantation into the striatum of PD patients. One possible explanation for the accelerated deposition of alpha-syn in the graft is that the aggregation of alpha-syn from the host tissue to the graft is spread by a prion disease-like mechanism.