Metagenomic analysis of sewage for surveillance of bacterial pathogens: A release experiment to determine sensitivity.

Accurate monitoring of gastro-enteric and other diseases in large populations poses a challenge for public health management. Sewage represents a larger population, is freely obtainable and non-subject to ethical approval. Metagenomic sequencing offers simultaneous, multiple-target analysis.

Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and murine norovirus on surfaces of plastic, steel and raspberries using steam-ultrasound treatment.

The leading causes of foodborne viral disease outbreaks are human norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Their environmental persistence enables contamination of kitchen surfaces and crops often consumed raw, such as berries. Many decontamination procedures are inefficient and unsuitable for surfaces of industrial kitchen environments and soft fruits.