Publications by authors named "Simon Kind"
Background/objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein serving as a drug target, diagnostic marker, and serum marker for cancer monitoring. However, prevalence data on CEA expression in cancer tissues vary considerably. This study was designed to determine CEA expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.
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- TTF-1 immunohistochemistry is commonly used to identify primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas, but it can also appear in various other cancer types.
- In a study involving 17,772 tumor samples, TTF-1 was found in 82 different tumor categories, indicating a broad range of malignancies where it may be present, spanning from thyroid cancers to neuroendocrine tumors.
- Although TTF-1 shows high sensitivity for distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas, its specificity is low; combining TTF-1 with Napsin-A significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy.
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- Loss of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is commonly seen in various cancers, making these cells more vulnerable to anti-cancer drugs.
- A study analyzed over 17,000 tumor samples and found complete MTAP loss in 83 out of 149 tumor types, particularly noting high rates in neuroendocrine tumors and Hodgkin lymphoma.
- MTAP deficiency is associated with negative tumor characteristics, such as a lack of immune cell infiltration and lower CD8+ lymphocyte density, indicating its potential as a significant diagnostic marker in cancer.
Background: Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease which is essential for the desquamation of corneocytes and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis. In cancer, KLK7 overexpression was suggested to represent a route for metastasis through cleavage of cell junction and extracellular matrix proteins of cancer cells.
Methods: To comprehensively determine KLK7 protein expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 13,447 samples from 147 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
EpCAM is expressed in many epithelial tumors and is used for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from adenocarcinomas and as a surrogate pan-epithelial marker. A tissue microarray containing 14,832 samples from 120 different tumor categories was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. EpCAM staining was compared with TROP2 and CKpan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Melan-A (melanocyte antigen) protein, also termed 'melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1' (MART-1) is a protein with unknown function whose expression is specific for the melanocyte lineage. Antibodies against Melan-A are thus used for identifying melanocytic tumors, but some Melan-A antibodies show an additional - diagnostically useful - cross-reactivity against an unspecified protein involved in corticosteroid hormone synthesis. To comprehensively compare the staining patterns of a specific and a cross-reactive Melan-A antibody in normal and neoplastic tissues, tissue microarrays containing 15,840 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
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- TRPS1 is a nuclear protein found in breast epithelial cells and has potential as a breast cancer marker, based on a study analyzing 19,201 samples from various tumor types.
- In breast carcinomas, low TRPS1 expression correlates with aggressive features like high grade and nodal metastasis, but does not predict patient survival.
- The combination of TRPS1 and GATA3 immunostaining enhances cancer identification, particularly for breast and salivary gland tumors, while TRPS1 negativity helps differentiate urothelial carcinoma from breast cancer.
Context.—: Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is a mitochondrial transport protein with a critical regulatory role for steroid hormone production. The tissue distribution of StAR expression is limited to few human normal tissues.
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- GAD2 is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter found mainly in brain and pancreatic islet cells, making it a potential diagnostic marker for tumors.
- In an analysis of over 19,000 samples from various tumors and normal tissues, GAD2 expression was identified in a small percentage of tumor categories, particularly in neuroendocrine cancers.
- Combining GAD2 with progesterone receptor (PR) testing enhances diagnostic accuracy for determining pancreatic origins of neuroendocrine neoplasms, achieving high sensitivity and specificity.
Background: Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is an androgen regulated protein which is preferentially expressed in prostate epithelial cells. Because of its frequent expression in prostate cancer, prostein was suggested a diagnostic prostate cancer marker.
Methods: In order to comprehensively assess the diagnostic utility of prostein immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
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- * Analysis revealed PSAP expression was primarily confined to prostate tissues, with minimal detection in non-prostate cancers, indicating its specificity for prostate cancer diagnosis.
- * Reduced levels of PSAP are linked to more aggressive cancer features, making it a potential candidate for inclusion in prognostic assessments for ERG-negative prostate cancer patients.
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- Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) is a protein found in skin cells that is linked to cancer growth, showing both increased and decreased levels in different types of tumors.
- A study analyzed over 15,000 tumor samples and nearly 600 normal tissue samples, finding Dsg3 present in 34.3% of tumor categories, with notably high levels in squamous cell carcinomas (71.2-97.3%).
- The presence of Dsg3 was associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, such as invasiveness and advanced disease stage, particularly in urothelial and colorectal cancers, while its loss indicated higher tumor grades, especially in squamous cell carcinomas.
As a result of its expression in corresponding normal cell types, inhibin alpha (INHA) is used as an immunohistochemical marker for adrenocortical neoplasms and testicular or ovarian sex cord stromal tumors. However, other tumors can also express INHA. To comprehensively determine INHA expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 15,012 samples from 134 different tumor types and subtypes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokeratin 13 (CK13) is a type I acidic low molecular weight cytokeratin, which is mainly expressed in urothelium and in the squamous epithelium of various sites of origin. Loss of CK13 has been implicated in the development and progression of squamous epithelial neoplasms. To comprehensively determine CK13 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 10,439 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokeratin 10 (CK10) is a type I acidic low molecular weight cytokeratin which is mainly expressed in keratinizing squamous epithelium of the skin. Variable levels of CK10 protein have been described in squamous carcinomas of different sites and in some other epithelial neoplasms. To comprehensively determine the prevalence of CK10 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 11,021 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUroplakin 1A (Upk1a) protein is relevant for stabilizing and strengthening urothelial cells and helps to prevent them from rupturing during bladder distension. Based on RNA expression data Upk1a is expressed in a limited number of normal tissues and tumors. To comprehensively evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic utility of Upk1a immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 6929 samples from 115 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Villin is a protein of the brush border of epithelial cells, which is used as an immunohistochemical marker for colorectal and gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, other tumor entities can also express villin.
Methods: To comprehensively determine villin expression, tissue microarrays containing 14,398 samples from 118 different tumor types as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Uroplakin 1B (Upk1b) stabilizes epithelial cells lining the bladder lumen to prevent rupturing during bladder distension. Little is known about Upk1b expression in other normal and malignant tissues. To comprehensively evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic utility of Upk1b expression analysis, a tissue microarray containing 14,061 samples from 127 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
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- A study analyzed 15,977 cancer samples and 608 normal tissue samples to evaluate cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression using immunohistochemistry, revealing distinct patterns in normal versus cancerous tissues.
- CK19 was mostly expressed in epithelial cells of glandular organs in normal tissues, but in cancer, high CK19 levels (≥90%) were found in many tumor types, especially pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancers, while low expression was noted in some tumors like hepatocellular carcinoma.
- The research suggests that CK19 expression levels correlate with disease severity and characteristics, indicating its potential use in differentiating types of cancer and detecting early changes in squamous epithelium.
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- Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a protein found in normal and cancerous tissues, and it could help predict disease outcomes in prostate cancer, particularly when targeted by treatments like indatuximab ravtansine.
- A study analyzed over 17,000 prostate cancer cases, finding that 19.6% had membranous CD138 and 11.2% had cytoplasmic CD138 staining, with the latter being linked to worse tumor characteristics and outcomes.
- The research concluded that high levels of cytoplasmic CD138 are independently associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer, suggesting it could serve as a valuable biomarker for future clinical applications.
Protein phosphatase 1 nuclear-targeting subunit (PNUTS) is ubiquitously expressed and associates with PTEN and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to control its activity. The role of PNUTS overexpression has hardly been studied in cancer. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to quantitate PNUTS expression on a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens.
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- Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) plays a crucial role in DNA repair and can influence cancer outcomes, with varying levels of expression linked to patient prognosis in prostate cancer.
- A study analyzed 17,747 tumors and found that high CHK2 expression was common in prostate cancer, especially associated with ERG gene fusions and adverse features like advanced tumor stage and high Gleason scores.
- In ERG negative prostate cancer, high CHK2 levels served as an independent predictor for early biochemical recurrence, suggesting that measuring CHK2 could help in clinical assessments for this subgroup.
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is a regulator of chromosome stability. PTTG1 overexpression had been associated with tumor aggressiveness in several cancer types. To examine its prognostic utility in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray including 12 427 tumors with clinical and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: TFAP2D is a transcription factor important for modulating gene expression in embryogenesis. Its expression and prognostic role in prostate cancer has not been evaluated.
Methods: Therefore, a tissue microarray containing 17,747 prostate cancer specimens with associated pathological, clinical, and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess the role of TFAP2D.
Article Synopsis
- Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a key protein found in various normal and cancerous tissues, potentially serving as a marker for cancer prognosis and as a target for specific therapies like indatuximab.
- A study analyzed CD138 expression in 2,518 tissue samples, revealing that most tumor types showed some level of expression, particularly high in squamous cell carcinomas (e.g., esophagus and cervix).
- While CD138 is abundant in many tumors, its strong presence in normal tissues could complicate its use as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.