Racial Disparities in Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Patients Diagnosed With Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort of Oncology Practices.

Although clinical trials should be accessible to all patients, persistent racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial enrollment exist. Herein, we examine racial disparities in clinical trial enrollment among prostate cancer patients from a large population-based cohort of oncology practices in the United States. Using CancerLinQ Discovery, we identified men with regional (N1+) and/or metastatic (M1) prostate cancer diagnosed from 2011 to 2023.

Access to results of patient reported outcome surveys did not improve longitudinal patient reported outcomes in breast cancer patients in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: We assessed the impact of breast cancer (BC) patients receiving their own patient-reported outcome (PRO) results on future PROs.

Methods: Newly diagnosed female BC patients completed validated measures of satisfaction with breasts (SB), and psychosocial (PsyW), physical (PhW), and sexual wellbeing (SW) longitudinally during treatment. Patients were randomized to receive their PRO scores (Intervention) or not (Control).

Effect of Prednisone Dosing on Mineralocorticoid-Related Side Effects With Abiraterone in Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Abiraterone use for prostate cancer can cause mineralocorticoid excess syndrome (MES; eg, hypertension and hypokalemia). Prednisone mitigates these effects; however, the optimal dose level is unclear. This study examines MES effects from abiraterone with 5 mg of prednisone once daily versus 5 mg twice daily.

Treatment Intensification in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of Real-World Practice Patterns from the CancerLinQ Database.

Background: In metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), androgen deprivation therapy and standard of care treatment intensification with docetaxel and/or an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) are associated with improved survival outcomes for appropriate patients.

Methods: This retrospective study selected patients with de novo mHSPC diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 from CancerLinQ Discovery®, a United States (US)-based, de-identified clinical database. Patient-level data, including clinical characteristics, treatments, and demographics, were collected from CancerLinQ.

Longitudinal Trends in Patient-Reported Outcomes in the First Year After Lumpectomy Versus Mastectomy.

Background: It is unclear how patient-reported outcomes (PROs) change longitudinally after breast cancer surgery. We sought to compare trends in PROs among patients who underwent lumpectomy versus mastectomy over the first year after surgery.

Patients And Methods: Newly diagnosed stage 0-III female patients with breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy at an academic breast center between June 2019 and March 2023 were invited to participate in a longitudinal PRO study.

Reversible Solar Heating and Radiative Cooling Devices via Mechanically Guided Assembly of 3D Macro/Microstructures.

Solar heating and radiative cooling are promising solutions for decreasing global energy consumption because these strategies use the Sun (≈5800 K) as a heating source and outer space (≈3 K) as a cooling source. Although high-performance thermal management can be achieved using these eco-friendly methods, they are limited by daily temperature fluctuations and seasonal changes because of single-mode actuation. Herein, reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices formed via the mechanically guided assembly of 3D architectures are demonstrated.

Lower muscular strength is associated with greater liver fat content and higher serum liver enzymes-"The Sedentary's Liver" The Study of Health in Pomerania.

We investigated the associations of low handgrip strength (HGS, i.e., a marker of muscular fitness) with liver fat content (LFC) and serum liver enzymes in a population-based setting.

Breast Cancer Surgery: A Qualitative Exploration of Concerns Over Time.

Introduction: As outcomes for breast cancer patients improve, addressing the side effects and distress of treatment can optimize survivorship. Although distress in breast cancer is well known in literature, there is a lack of information on how these concerns change through the phases of the cancer care continuum. Therefore, this study investigates the longitudinal trajectory of worry in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer.

Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy in Nonmetastatic Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Pooled Meta-analysis to Determine the Preferred Regimen.

Objective: To determine whether neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) vs dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (ddMVAC) before radical cystectomy improves overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and pathologic complete response (pCR) for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with secondary analyses of pathological downstaging and toxicity.

Materials And Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified studies of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant GC compared to ddMVAC from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Random-effect models for pooled log-transformed hazard ratios (HR) for OS and PFS and pooled odds ratios for pCR and downstaging were developed using the generic inverse variance method and Mantel-Haenszel method, respectively.

Cost of upper tract imaging obtained during hematuria evaluation: Analysis of a national claims database.

Introduction: To investigate the actual cost of hematuria evaluation using nationally representative claims data, given that the workup for hematuria burdens the healthcare system with significant associated costs. We hypothesized that evaluation with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) confers more cost to hematuria evaluation than renal ultrasound (US).

Methods: Using a national, privately insured database (MarketScan), we identified all individuals with an incident diagnosis of hematuria.

The association of patient and disease characteristics with the overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer from 2010 to 2016.

Background: Although active surveillance is the preferred management for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), some men remain at risk of overtreatment with definitive local therapy. We hypothesized that baseline characteristics may be associated with overtreatment and represent a potential source of health disparities. We therefore examined the associations of patient and disease characteristics with the surgical overtreatment of low-risk PCa.

Use of Peripheral Intravenous Access in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer.

Purpose: Systemic chemotherapy, depending on the regimen, can be administered through peripheral intravenous (pIV) access or through central venous access devices (CVADs). There is no current best practice regarding optimal access for chemotherapy for patients with testicular cancer (TC). We retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy for TC and compared baseline characteristics and complications of patients using pIV versus CVADs.

Association of Frailty and Complications Following Prostate Biopsy: Results From a Population-Based, Privately Insured Cohort.

Introduction: Prostate needle biopsy (PNBx) is essential for prostate cancer diagnosis, yet it is not without risks. We sought to assess patients who underwent PNBx using a claims-based frailty index to study the association between frailty and postbiopsy complications from a large population-based cohort. We hypothesized that increased frailty would be associated with adverse outcomes.

Barriers and facilitators to measuring patient reported outcomes in an academic breast cancer clinic: An application of the RE-AIM framework.

Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important for patient-centered, value-based care; however, implementation into surgical practice remains limited. We aimed to demonstrate feasibility of measuring PROMs in an academic breast cancer clinic.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study implementing the patient-reported outcome measure BREAST-Q among patients with Stage 0-III breast cancer at a single institution from 06/2019-03/2023 using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Assessing Diagnostic Accuracy of Four-dimensional CT for Instable Scapholunate Dissociation: The Prospective ACTION Trial.

Background Timely treatment of scapholunate instability depends on early identification, but current imaging methods are either intricate or fail to demonstrate the dynamic stages. Purpose To calculate the diagnostic accuracy of four-dimensional (4D) CT for diagnosing instable scapholunate ligament (SLL) tears. Materials and Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive participants with clinically suspected SLL tears who underwent 4D CT from July 2020 to May 2022.

Conditional survival following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Introduction: Traditional surveillance protocols do not adequately account for the decreasing risk of mortality over time in aggressive malignancies, such as bladder cancer. Rather, the risk of death depends on both the baseline risk of mortality and the time survived since treatment. We therefore evaluated the conditional survival of patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) following radical cystectomy (RC).

Racial differences in survival for early stage (T1) penile cancer: Analysis from the SEER database.

Background: Penile cancer accounts for less than 1% of male cancers in the United States. Localized disease, particularly T1 tumors are potentially curable with local therapy. We present the racial differences in survival outcomes for T1, penile cancer from the SEER database.

Postoperative Outcomes After Staged Versus Coordinated Breast Surgery and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare postoperative complication rates and healthcare charges between patients who underwent coordinated versus staged breast surgery and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO).

Patients And Methods: The MarketScan administrative database was used to identify adult female patients with invasive breast cancer or BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations who underwent BSO and breast surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy with or without reconstruction) between 2010 and 2015. Patients were assigned to the coordinated group if a breast operation and BSO were performed simultaneously or assigned to the staged group if BSO was performed separately.