Cellular stress affects the fate of microbial resistance to folate inhibitors in treatment wetlands.

The environmental prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has come into focus under the One Health concept. Wastewater treatment systems are among the significant sources of AMR in the environment. In such systems, it is uncertain to which extent antimicrobials present at sub-inhibitory concentrations constitute a selective pressure for bacterial maintenance and acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes.