Atypical hematological manifestation of celiac disease: A case report of aplastic anemia in a 2-year-old child and review of the literature.

Introduction: Celiac disease typically presents with symptoms of malabsorption, but extraintestinal manifestations are increasingly reported. Aplastic anemia as the mode of celiac disease presentation is extremely rare in children.

Case Presentation: We report a 2-year-old boy who presented with loose stools, loss of appetite, and bicytopenia with severe aregenerative normocytic anemia.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Gabon: A study of epidemiological aspects.

Background And Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most frequent endocrinopathy in children. Its replacement therapy requires insulin, without which, death is inevitable. This treatment is expensive and a financial burden for diabetic children and their families, especially in Africa.

Growth screening in children aged 3-5 years: a useful tool for public health programs in community pediatrics.

Background About 90% of children grow up normally and attain a final height within their genetic target. In children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), up to 10% will not catch up spontaneously. Turner syndrome is often diagnosed late, and a number of growth-stunted children go undiagnosed and untreated.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pelvic MRI as alternative to pelvic ultrasound for the diagnosis in overweight and obese adolescent girls.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrinopathy in women of childbearing age, affecting 5-15% women in this age group. Suggestive cardinal features comprise hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and/or polycystic ovary appearance. The gold standard radiological tool is the pelvic ultrasound (PUS) whose yield may be limited in overweight and obese adolescent girls.

Spontaneous neonatal renal vein thromboses: Should we treat them all? A report of five cases and a literature review.

Unlabelled: Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a rare but well-known neonatal entity for which several therapeutic modalities are reported in the literature because of the lack of consensus management guidelines.

Population And Methods: A retrospective study of the medical records of children managed between January 1990 and December 2013, and whose final diagnosis was RVT. The diagnosis was initially clinical and subsequently confirmed by the abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) and Doppler imaging if necessary.

Polycystic pancreatic disease associated with pineal cyst in an adolescent: a case report and literature overview.

Pancreatic polycystosis is one of rare causes of recurrent abdominal pain of pancreatic origin in children frequently associated with other organ's cysts which are to be searched. Association with pineal cyst is exceptional, and link between the two locations is to be elucidated. MRI is highly valuable to characterize cysts.

serotype 19A meningitis in well-vaccinated immunocompetent 13-month-old child: a case of PCV13 failure.

We report a 13-month-old immune-competent male child who was diagnosed with pneumococcal serotype 19A meningitis despite having received three PCV13 injections. Clinicians are reminded that bacterial meningitis can still occur, even in correctly vaccinated children. Investigations should include immune system screening along with abdominal ultrasound to exclude asplenia.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A-Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Rapid Weight Gain as Early Clinical Signs: A Clinical Review of 10 Cases.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms that would help clinicians to consider pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1A as a diagnosis in a child.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of children diagnosed by erythrocyte Gsα activity and/or GNAS1 gene study and followed-up for PHP type 1A. Clinical and biochemical parameters along with epidemiological data were extracted and analyzed.

Atypical manifestation of cat-scratch disease: isolated epigastric pain in an immunocompetent, 12-year-old child.

We present a 12-year-old immunocompetent girl with hepato splenic cat-scratch disease (CSD). Her sole inaugural complaint was isolated epigastric pain. She fully recovered, with normalized abdominal CT scan following 2 weeks course of Azythromycin®.

Infantile pyknocytosis, a rare cause of hemolytic anemia in newborns: report of two cases in twin girls and literature overview.

Infantile pyknocytosis is a rare cause of neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia. We report on two cases in twin girls that were diagnosed on peripheral blood smear reading. Pyknocytosis should be considered in cases of early unexplained severe hemolytic anemia, and systematic peripheral smear review performed.

Invasive pneumococcal infection despite 7-valent conjugated vaccine.

Despite good cover with 7-valent vaccination, invasive pneumococcal infections may still be misdiagnosed and may lead to lifethreatening situations or death in young children. New serotypes are emerging and, therefore, clinicians must keep a high level of suspicion in young children regardless of their vaccination status. We report three cases of invasive pneumococcal infection due to new serotypes not covered by the 7-valent conjugated vaccine, two of which led children to death.

Maternal hyperinsulinism and glycaemic status in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the relationships across a range of glucose and insulin measures at 12 weeks of gestation with the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and birth size.

Materials And Methods: Prospective study of pregnant women booking before 15th week of gestation. At the first antenatal visit, standard measures of height, weight, blood pressure (BP) and social status were recorded, and blood sample was drawn for measurements of fasting glucose and plasma insulin.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal growth. Effects in preterm infants of gestational age less than 33 weeks.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on foetal growth in preterm infants with gestational age (GA) <33 weeks.

Population And Methods: Prospective observational cross-sectional study from two French perinatal networks cohort of preterm infants. Cases were 358 very preterm infants (GA 24-32 weeks) divided into two groups as maternal smokers (129) and non-smokers (229).

Gender, smoking during pregnancy and gestational age influence cord leptin concentrations in newborn infants.

Background: Low birth weight (BW), small head circumference, reduced length, increased preterm births and neuro-endocrine dysfunctions are among known consequences of smoking during pregnancy. Few studies have linked leptin to clinical features of growth restriction associated with maternal smoking and explored interaction with other determinants of size at birth, such as gender.

Methods: Cord serum leptin concentrations were measured in 1215 term infants born to Caucasian mothers at completion of uneventful pregnancy.

Catch-up growth: an overview.

Normal growth in humans results from interactions between several mechanisms (genetic, nutritional, environmental, social and economic) that lead in concert to gain in weight and height. Many systemic diseases and environmental conditions do impair linear growth. When remission occurs, growth often resumes at a rate faster and beyond the normal rate for age.