The financial impact of MD-PhD training compared with MD training for academic physicians.

To reduce debt burden and encourage the pursuit of research-focused careers, most MD-PhD programs provide medical school tuition remission and an annual stipend. However, prolonged training compared with MD physicians postpones the time until MD-PhD physicians earn a full salary. We compared lifetime earning potential for MD-PhD physicians in academia with their MD colleagues in the same clinical specialty.

Evidence for a Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA ITGB2-AS1 in Eosinophil Differentiation and Functions.

Eosinophils, a type of granulocyte derived from myeloid precursors in the bone marrow, are distinguished by their cytoplasmic granules. They play crucial roles in immunoregulation, tissue homeostasis, and host defense, while also contributing to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be involved in eosinophilic conditions, their specific expression and functions within eosinophils have not been thoroughly investigated, largely due to the reliance on tissue homogenates.

Experimental Demonstration of a Versatile and Scalable Scheme for Iterative Generation of Non-Gaussian States of Light.

Non-Gaussian states of light, such as Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states, are essential resources for optical continuous-variable quantum computing. The ability to efficiently produce these states would open up tremendous prospects for quantum technologies in general and fault-tolerant quantum computing in particular. This letter demonstrates a versatile method using a quantum-memory cavity to mitigate the consequences of the probabilistic nature of the breeding protocols and generate non-Gaussian states at high rates with scalability perspectives.

Association between hospital type and length of stay and readmissions for young adults with complex chronic diseases.

Background: There is a paucity of information around whether hospital length of stay and readmission rates differ based upon hospital type for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with complex chronic diseases (CCDs).

Objective: To measure the association between hospital type and readmission rates and index admission LOS among AYA with CCDs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, including patients 12-25 years old with cystic fibrosis (CF), sickle cell disease (SCD), spina bifida (SB), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Magicity versus Superfluidity around ^{28}O viewed from the Study of ^{30}F.

The neutron-rich unbound fluorine isotope ^{30}F_{21} has been observed for the first time by measuring its neutron decay at the SAMURAI spectrometer (RIBF, RIKEN) in the quasifree proton knockout reaction of ^{31}Ne nuclei at 235  MeV/nucleon. The mass and thus one-neutron-separation energy of ^{30}F has been determined to be S_{n}=-472±58(stat)±33(sys)  keV from the measurement of its invariant-mass spectrum. The absence of a sharp drop in S_{n}(^{30}F) shows that the "magic" N=20 shell gap is not restored close to ^{28}O, which is in agreement with our shell-model calculations that predict a near degeneracy between the neutron d and fp orbitals, with the 1p_{3/2} and 1p_{1/2} orbitals becoming more bound than the 0f_{7/2} one.

Mitochondrial Protein Density, Biomass, and Bioenergetics as Predictors for the Efficacy of Glioma Treatments.

The metabolism of glioma cells exhibits significant heterogeneity and is partially responsible for treatment outcomes. Given this variability, we hypothesized that the effectiveness of treatments targeting various metabolic pathways depends on the bioenergetic profiles and mitochondrial status of glioma cells. To this end, we analyzed mitochondrial biomass, mitochondrial protein density, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolysis in a panel of eight glioma cell lines.

In vitro functional assays to assess the reciprocal interplay between tumor cells and macrophages.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral components of the tumor microenvironment. They are involved in various aspects of tumor cell biology, driving pathological processes such as tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapy. TAMs exert their tumorigenic effects by secreting growth factors, cytokines/chemokines, metabolites, and other soluble bioactive molecules.

Sensitivity of air quality to vehicle ammonia emissions in the United States.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates on-road vehicles emissions using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). We developed updated ammonia emission rates for MOVES based on road-side exhaust emission measurements of light-duty gasoline and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The resulting nationwide on-road vehicle ammonia emissions are 1.

French national survey on breast cancer care: caregiver and patient views.

Purpose: To improve the quality of care for patients with breast cancer, an analysis of the health-care pathway, considering feedback from both health-care practitioners (HCPs) and patients, is needed.

Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, we conducted a survey at French breast cancer centers and analyzed information from questionnaires completed by HCPs and patients. We collected information on center organization, diagnostic processes, treatment decisions and modalities, supportive care, patient advocacy groups, and work issues.

Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Late-Stage Incorporation of N-Aryl Triazoles and Tetrazoles with Sulfonium Salts via C-H Activation.

The late-stage functionalization of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a key challenge in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, N-aryl triazoles and tetrazoles are important structural motifs with the potential to boost the activity of diverse drug molecules. Using easily accessible dibenzothiophenium salts for the ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylation, these scaffolds were introduced into a variety of bioactive compounds.

Obesity and Inflammatory Factors in the Progression of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state with systemic effects, including the alteration of macrophage metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages have been linked to the formation of cancer through the production of metabolites such as itaconate. Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages.

Membrane damage by MBP-1 is mediated by pore formation and amplified by mtDNA.

Eosinophils play a crucial role in host defense while also contributing to immunopathology through the release of inflammatory mediators. Characterized by distinctive cytoplasmic granules, eosinophils securely store and rapidly release various proteins exhibiting high toxicity upon extracellular release. Among these, major basic protein 1 (MBP-1) emerges as an important mediator in eosinophil function against pathogens and in eosinophil-associated diseases.

Receptivity of providing firearm safety storage devices to parents along with firearms safety education.

Background: In the United States, 33% of households with children contain firearms, however only one-third reportedly store firearms securely. It's estimated that 31% of unintentional firearm injury deaths can be prevented with safety devices. Our objective was to distribute safe storage devices, provide safe storage education, evaluate receptivity, and assess impact of intervention at follow-up.

Neuropsychological follow-up of isoflurane sedated intensive care patients: a substudy of a randomized trial.

Background: Inhaled sedation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients ventilated >24 hours may have long term effects. We hypothesized that isoflurane has a better neuropsychological outcome in a one-year follow-up compared to propofol sedation.

Methods: All 66 patients included by the coordinating center of the ISOCONDA study (EudraCT#: 2016-004551-67) took part in this substudy (DRKS00020240).

Public support for and concerns regarding pediatric dose optimization for seizures in emergency medical services: An exception from informed consent (EFIC) trial.

Background: Federal regulations allow exception from informed consent (EFIC) to study emergent conditions when obtaining prospective consent is not feasible. Little is known about public views on including children in EFIC studies. The Pediatric Dose Optimization for Seizures in EMS (PediDOSE) trial implements age-based, standardized midazolam dosing for pediatric seizures.

The BK Channel Limits the Pro-Inflammatory Activity of Macrophages.

Macrophages play a crucial role in the innate immune response, serving as key effector cells in the defense against pathogens. Although the role of the large-conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel, also known as the K1.1 or BK channel, in regulating neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle contraction is well known, its potential involvement in immune regulation remains unclear.

Magnetic resonance imaging subtraction vs. pre- and post-contrast 3D gradient recalled echo fat suppressed imaging for evaluation of the canine and feline brain.

Subtraction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to increase accuracy in the diagnosis of meningeal and inflammatory brain diseases in small animals. 3D T1W gradient recalled echo (GRE) techniques have been proposed as a suitable alternative to conventional spin echo sequences in imaging the canine brain. The aim of this study was to compare subtraction images and paired pre- and post-contrast 3D T1W GRE fat suppressed (FS) images in canine and feline MRI studies using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard.

A Multicenter Long-Term Cohort Study of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Variants and Their Progression to Eosinophilic Esophagitis Over Time.

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) variants have been recently characterized as conditions with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction resembling EoE, but absence of significant esophageal eosinophilia. Their disease course and severity have yet to be determined.

Methods: Patients from 6 EoE centers with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, but peak eosinophil counts of <15/hpf in esophageal biopsies and absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease with at least one follow-up visit were included.