Muon tomography for the analysis of in-container vitrified products.

Alternate treatment routes for radioactive waste are a key research area for much of the nuclear industry, with potentially significant savings available through volume reduction of waste. Achieving this requires a full and demonstrable understanding of waste product behaviour. For this purpose, the UK's National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) has been collaborating with the University of Glasgow and Lynkeos Technology to develop passive techniques for analysis of waste containers over a number of years.

First-of-a-kind muography for nuclear waste characterization.

In the last decade, there has been a surge in the number of academic research groups and commercial companies exploiting naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons for imaging purposes in a range of industrial and geological applications. Since 2009, researchers at the University of Glasgow and the UK National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) have pioneered this technique for the characterization of shielded nuclear waste containers with significant investment from the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Sellafield Ltd. Lynkeos Technology Ltd.

Novel muon imaging techniques.

Owing to the high penetrating power of high-energy cosmic ray muons, muon imaging techniques can be used to image large bulky objects, especially objects with heavy shielding. Muon imaging systems work just like CT scanners in the medical imaging field-that is, they can reveal information inside of a target. There are two forms of muon imaging techniques: muon absorption imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging.

Elevated CO protects poplar (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) from damage induced by O: identification of mechanisms.

CO concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere will rise to between 550 and 700 μL L by 2100 (IPCC 2001). In much of the world, ozone (O) is the air pollutant most likely to be having adverse effects on the growth of plants. Here we describe the impacts of CO and O episodes (rising to 100 nL L), singly and in mixtures on the growth and physiology of an interamerican hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa L.

Leaf growth of hybrid poplar following exposure to elevated CO.

Leaf extension was stimulated following exposure of three interamerican hybrid poplar clones (Populus trichocarpa P. deltoides); 'Unal', 'Boelare', and 'Beaupre' and a euramerican clone 'Primo' (Populus nigra×P. deltoides) to elevated CO , in controlled environment chambers.