Eukaryotic biodiversity of sub-ice water in the marginal ice zone of the European Arctic: A multi-marker eDNA metabarcoding survey.

The effects of climate change, including warming waters, loss of sea ice habitat and the resulting changes in primary production, are inducing shifts in marine communities across the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) is a highly dynamic ecosystem and is a transition zone between pack ice and the open ocean. It is habitat for a wide range of organisms, including sympagic and pelagic taxa, all of which are affected by the changing physical dynamics of the MIZ.