Overview of Neuro-Ophthalmic Findings in Leukodystrophies.

Leukodystrophies are a group of rare genetic diseases that primarily affect the white matter of the central nervous system. The broad spectrum of metabolic and pathological causes leads to manifestations at any age, most often in childhood and adolescence, and a variety of symptoms. Leukodystrophies are usually progressive, resulting in severe disabilities and premature death.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for the detection of silicone oil emulsification on the iris surface.

Background: To investigate the presence of silicone oil (SO)-emulsification on the anterior iris surface with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, vitrectomized eyes with SO tamponade that underwent AS-OCT imaging and gonioscopy examination during the postoperative follow-up visits, were reviewed.

Results: 45 eyes of 42 consecutive patients were included.

Morphological and functional parameters in X-linked retinoschisis patients-A multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a potential target for gene supplementation approaches. To establish potential structural and functional endpoints for clinical trials, a comprehensive understanding of the inter-eye symmetry, relationship between structural and functional parameters, and disease progression is vital.

Methods: In this retrospective multicentre study, 118 eyes of 59 XLRS patients with mutations were assessed.

X-Linked Retinoschisis Masquerading Uveitis.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) shows features also seen in patients with uveitis and is recognized as an uveitis masquerade syndrome. This retrospective study aimed to describe characteristics of XLRS patients with an initial uveitis diagnosis and to contrast these to patients with an initial XLRS diagnosis. Patients referred to a uveitis clinic, which turned out to have XLRS ( = 4), and patients referred to a clinic for inherited retinal diseases ( = 18) were included.

Diurnal functional and anatomical changes in X-linked retinoschisis.

Background: To investigate the changes in macular cystic schisis (MCS) and sensitivity during the day in X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) patients.

Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with genetically verified XLRS underwent best-correlated visual acuity (BCVA) testing with ETDRS charts, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and microperimetry (MP) twice a day, at 9 a.m.

[Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Profile of Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Lacrimal Gland: A Case Series of an Uncommon Tumour of the Lacrimal Gland].

Background: Mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) represent a rare subclass of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma affecting the lacrimal gland (GL).

Aim: To extensively describe the immunohistochemical profile of GL-MCL.

Material Und Methods: Single center, retrospective electronic records review of 3 patients with biopsy proven LG-MCL.

Ongoing retinal degeneration despite intraventricular enzyme replacement therapy with cerliponase alfa in late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease).

Background/aims: Late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) is a neurodegenerative, blinding lysosomal storage disorder. The purpose of the current study was to characterise the progression of CLN2-associated retinal degeneration in patients under intraventricular enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with cerliponase alfa.

Methods: We analysed visual function, retinal morphology and neuropaediatric data using preferential looking test (PLT), Weill Cornell Batten Scale (WCBS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and the Hamburg Motor-Language late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) Scale (M-L scale).

Visual perception and macular integrity in non-classical CLN2 disease.

Purpose: Patients with CLN2 suffer from epileptic seizures, rapid psychomotor decline and vision loss in early childhood. The aim of the study was to provide longitudinal ophthalmic data of patients with confirmed genetic mutation and non-classical disease course, marked by later onset, protracted progression and prolonged life span.

Methods: Prospective, observational study to assess visual acuity, retinal features (Weil Cornell Ophthalmic Score), central retinal thickness (CRT) measured by optical coherence tomography and general disease progression (Hamburg CLN2 motor language score) in non-classical CLN2 patients.

Retinal Tacks for Complicated Retinal Detachment: Retinal Tacks in the Times of Modern Small-Gauge Vitrectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of retinal tacks (RTs) in cases of retinal detachment (RD) with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Materials And Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study medical record, optical coherence tomography and ultra-widefield fundus images of patients with complex PVR-related and RT surgery were reviewed. All cases underwent 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), RT implantation, retinectomy, circumferential intraoperative laser retinopexy, and silicone oil tamponade.

Retinal vessel tortuosity as a prognostic marker for disease severity in Fabry disease.

Purpose: The aim of this case control study was to evaluate the prognostic value of automatically quantified retinal vessel tortuosity from fundus images and vessel density from OCT-A in Fabry disease and to evaluate the correlation of these with systemic disease parameters.

Methods: Automatically quantified perimacular retinal vessel tortuosity (MONA REVA software), acquired by fundus imaging, and perifoveal retinal vessel density, acquired by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) were compared between 26 FD patients and 26 controls. Gender and FD phenotype were analyzed to the obtained retinovascular data and correlated to the Mainz severity score index (MSSI) and plasma lyso-Gb3.

Reliability of the ocular trauma score for the predictability of traumatic and post-traumatic retinal detachment after open globe injury.

Aim: To elucidate the question of whether the ocular trauma score (OTS) and the zones of injury could be used as a predictive model of traumatic and post traumatic retinal detachment (RD) in patients with open globe injury (OGI).

Methods: A retrospective observational chart analysis of OGI patients was performed. The collected variables consisted of age, date, gender, time of injury, time until repair, mechanism of injury, zone of injury, injury associated vitreous hemorrhage, trauma associated RD, post traumatic RD, aphakia at injury, periocular trauma and OTS in cases of OGI.

Guidelines on the diagnosis, clinical assessments, treatment and management for CLN2 disease patients.

Background: CLN2 disease (Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2) is an ultra-rare, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease, caused by an enzyme deficiency of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1). Lack of disease awareness and the non-specificity of presenting symptoms often leads to delayed diagnosis. These guidelines provide robust evidence-based, expert-agreed recommendations on the risks/benefits of disease-modifying treatments and the medical interventions used to manage this condition.

[Ophthalmological manifestations of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) : NCL as diseases of brain and retina-the role of ophthalmologists].

Background: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are hereditary lysosomal storage diseases, which lead to a progressive neurodegeneration of the brain and retina. Visual loss can be the initial symptom but can also occur later in the course of the disease.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide ophthalmologists with an overview of the characteristic ocular alterations and the general disease course of the 13 currently known various forms of NCL.

Retained visual function in a subset of patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD).

: LCHADD causes retinopathy associated with low vision, visual field defects, nyctalopia and myopia. We report a retrospective long-term single-center study of 6 LCHADD patients trying to clarify if early diagnosis has an impact on the course and outcome of chorioretinal degeneration. : Long-term follow-up of visual acuity and staging of chorioretinal degeneration by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and autofluorescence (AF) in all six patients.

Intravitreal Co-Administration of GDNF and CNTF Confers Synergistic and Long-Lasting Protection against Injury-Induced Cell Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Mice.

We have recently demonstrated that neural stem cell-based intravitreal co-administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) confers profound protection to injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse optic nerve crush model, resulting in the survival of ~38% RGCs two months after the nerve lesion. Here, we analyzed whether this neuroprotective effect is long-lasting and studied the impact of the pronounced RGC rescue on axonal regeneration. To this aim, we co-injected a GDNF- and a CNTF-overexpressing neural stem cell line into the vitreous cavity of adult mice one day after an optic nerve crush and determined the number of surviving RGCs 4, 6 and 8 months after the lesion.

An Ophthalmic Rating Scale to Assess Ocular Involvement in Juvenile CLN3 Disease.

Purpose: Juvenile CLN3 disease, the most prevalent form of Batten disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations in the CLN3 gene. The objective of this study was to design an ophthalmic rating scale for CLN3 disease in order to quantify disease progression.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Retinal hyperreflective foci in Fabry disease.

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited storage disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal alpha-Galactosidase A. Here we describe new retinal findings in patients with FD assessed by Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and their possible clinical relevance.

Methods: 54 eyes of 27 FD patients and 54 eyes of 27 control subjects were included.

Oxalate retinopathy is irreversible despite early combined liver-kidney transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1.

In primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), systemic oxalate deposition (oxalosis) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in children with infantile oxalosis (IO). Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT) is the only curative treatment option in these patients. After CLKT, systemic oxalosis decreases continuously, although only insufficient data are available regarding oxalate retinopathy (ROx), leading to severe visual impairment.

The Ocular Phenotype in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1.

Purpose: To investigate ophthalmic features in a large group of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and to determine the relation between ocular involvement and systemic disease severity.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study of the OxalEurope Registry Network.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients with PH1 were included.

A comparison of the lateral tarsal strip with everting sutures and the Quickert procedure for involutional entropion.

Background/aims: To provide evidence of statistically significant difference in the surgical outcome of the lateral tarsal strip with everting sutures (LTS + ES) versus the Quickert procedure (QP) in the treatment of involutional entropion.

Methods: In a prospective randomized comparative trial, 66 eyelids of 52 patients with primary involutional lower eyelid entropion were recruited. Thirty-six eyelids were randomized to QP, and 30 eyelids were randomized to LTS + ES.

Retinal toxicity after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with germ cell cancer.

Purpose: Visual impairment represents an infrequent form of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity; however, visual deterioration has been reported in several studies. To evaluate potential morphological and functional retinal alterations in patients with germ cell cancer (GCC) treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBC).

Methods: Multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional study design.