The dorso-ventro debate: in search of empirical evidence.

Identification of safe injections sites is a skill practised routinely by nurses, which, as with all nursing practice, is informed by empirical evidence. Despite this, discussion as to whether the dorsogluteal site should be eradicated from nursing practice in favour of the ventrogluteal site shows no sign of abating. Review of commonly cited evidence in this debate aimed to identify the validity of excluding the dorsogluteal site in favour of the ventrogluteal site by investigating the empirical evidence, which routinely informs this decision.

Comparison of a diode pumped Er:YSGG and Er:YAG laser in the bounce geometry at the 3 μm transition.

A comparative study is made of the laser crystals 50 at. % Er:YAG and 50 at. % Er:YSGG.