A prospective observational study comparing rates of medical instability between adolescents with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa.

Background: Recognition of atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) has challenged underweight as a defining factor of illness severity in anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed to compare rates of medical instability in adolescents with underweight (AN) and non-underweight (AAN) anorexia nervosa.

Methods: The study examined assessment data from specialist eating disorder services in the UK between January and December 2022.

Grandmother effects over the Finnish demographic transition.

Demographic transitions are defining events for human societies, marking shifts from natural mortality and fertility rates to the low rates seen in industrialised populations. These transitions can affect trait evolution through altering the direction and strength of selection when variance in fertility and mortality decline. One key feature of human evolution is the evolution of extended post-reproductive life through indirect fitness benefits from grandmothering.

Greater rate of weight loss predicts paediatric hospital admission in adolescent typical and atypical anorexia nervosa.

Hospital admissions for eating disorders (ED) are rapidly increasing. Limited research exists evidencing the factors that lead to hospital admissions or their outcomes. The current study aimed to identify predictors of hospital admission in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN).

Sex, age, and family structure influence dispersal behaviour after a forced migration.

Dispersal does not only mean moving from one environment to another, but can also refer to shifting from one social group to another. Individual characteristics such as sex, age and family structure might influence an individual's propensity to disperse. In this study, we use a unique dataset of an evacuated World War II Finnish population, to test how sex, age, number of siblings and birth order influence an individual's dispersal away from their own social group at a time when society was rapidly changing.

How can we best chart children's growth in the paperless age? The UK experience.

Growth charts have played an integral part in the monitoring and assessment of children's health for the past 50 years, but their use is now under threat as paperless electronic systems become more widely used. While the obvious solution is to adopt electronic charting systems, this can prove challenging in practice. This article describes the key issues to consider in planning this transition and the charting options available, ranging from bespoke local systems to commercial packages and a new initiative by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.

Grandmother presence improved grandchild survival against childhood infections but not vaccination coverage in historical Finns.

Grandmother presence can improve the number and survival of their grandchildren, but what grandmothers protect against and how they achieve it remains poorly known. Before modern medical care, infections were leading causes of childhood mortality, alleviated from the nineteenth century onwards by vaccinations, among other things. Here, we combine two individual-based datasets on the genealogy, cause-specific mortality and vaccination status of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Finns to investigate two questions.

Grandparental co-residence and grandchild survival: the role of resource competition in a pre-industrial population.

Although grandparents are and have been important alloparents to their grandchildren, they are not necessarily only beneficial but can also compete with grandchildren over limited resources. Competition over parental care or other resources may exist especially if grandparents live in the same household with grandchildren and it can be dependent on grandchild age. By utilizing demographic data collected from historic population registers in Finland between 1761 and 1895 (study sample = 4041) we investigate whether grandparents living in the same household with grandchildren are detrimental or beneficial for grandchild survival.

E-cigarette Transitions Among US Youth and Adults: Results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2018).

Currently, the debate surrounding the regulation of e-cigarettes focuses mainly on the size of e-cigarettes' potentially beneficial effects (i.e., adult cessation) versus their unwarranted effects (i.

Nasogastric tube feeding under physical restraint on paediatric wards: ethical, legal and practical considerations regarding this lifesaving intervention.

Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric condition. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients who have required medical stabilisation on paediatric wards has increased significantly. Likewise, the number of patients who have required medical stabilisation against their will as a lifesaving intervention has increased.

: an insight into lncRNA genetic evolution.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a wide range of functions in health and disease, but many remain uncharacterized because of their complex expression patterns and structures. The genetic loci encoding lncRNAs can be subject to accelerated evolutionary changes within the human lineage.  is a region that has a significantly altered sequence compared to other primates and is a component of two overlapping lncRNA loci, and .

Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents.

Background/objectives: Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage.

Offspring fertility and grandchild survival enhanced by maternal grandmothers in a pre-industrial human society.

Help is directed towards kin in many cooperative species, but its nature and intensity can vary by context. Humans are one of few species in which grandmothers invest in grandchildren, and this may have served as an important driver of our unusual life history. But helping behaviour is hardly uniform, and insight into the importance of grandmothering in human evolution depends on understanding the contextual expression of helping benefits.

Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Type Maroteaux: Impact of Long-Term (8 Years) High-Dose Growth Hormone Treatment on Growth Velocity and Final Height in 2 Siblings.

Introduction: Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, characterized by severe dwarfism and disproportionate limb shortening. It results from loss-of-function NPR2 mutations affecting the C-type natriuretic peptide receptor. Resistance to growth hormone (GH) action has previously been suggested.

Child volunteers in a women's paramilitary organization in World War II have accelerated reproductive schedules.

Understanding how conditions experienced during development affect reproductive timing is of considerable cross-disciplinary interest. Life-history theory predicts that organisms will accelerate reproduction when future survival is unsure. In humans, this can be triggered by early exposure to mortality.

What Are the Effects of Restrictive Eating Disorders on Growth and Puberty and Are Effects Permanent? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to examine (1) the effect of restrictive eating disorders (EDs) on growth and pubertal development in children and young people (CYP) and (2) potential reversibility of this with recovery and associated factors. EDs can impact growth and puberty in CYP, but reports have conflicted over effect on height and permanence of growth impairment and pubertal delay.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from May 31, 2018, to inception.

Asian elephants exhibit post-reproductive lifespans.

Background: The existence of extended post-reproductive lifespan is an evolutionary puzzle, and its taxonomic prevalence is debated. One way of measuring post-reproductive life is with post-reproductive representation, the proportion of adult years lived by females after cessation of reproduction. Analyses of post-reproductive representation in mammals have claimed that only humans and some toothed whale species exhibit extended post-reproductive life, but there are suggestions of a post-reproductive stage for false killer whales and Asian elephants.