Classification system for partial distal biceps tendon tears: a descriptive 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study of tear morphology.

Background: There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) scans of elbows with partial DBT tears and to propose a basic classification system.

Methods: 3T MRI scans of elbows with partial DBT tears were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced observers.

Fatty infiltration in the intact supraspinatus tendon; a normal physiological response with increasing age and female gender.

Background: Fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy of supraspinatus are used as markers of chronicity in rotator cuff tears and are known to both be independently related to poorer outcomes following surgical repair. We hypothesized that supraspinatus muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration increases with age irrespective of whether the rotator cuff is intact and therefore cannot be used as accurate markers for chronicity.

Method: Retrospective review of 280 patients who underwent 3.

Anatomical and Clinical Concepts in Distal Radius Volar Ulnar Corner fractures.

 Volar ulnar corner fractures are a subset of distal radius fractures that can have disastrous complications if not appreciated, recognized, and appropriately managed. The volar ulnar corner of the distal radius is the "critical corner" between the radial calcar, distal ulna, and carpus and is responsible for maintaining stability while transferring force from the carpus.  Force transmitted from the carpus to the radial diaphysis is via the radial calcar.