Acute Hyperglycemia and In-Hospital Mortality in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Hyperglycemia is reported to predict worse outcome in patients with stroke, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In 83 consecutive cases of ICH at a tertiary stroke center, hyperglycemia (serum glucose >7 mmol/L) compared to normoglycemia at presentation was associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality (51.2% vs.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Undetermined Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: There are scarce data regarding the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of undetermined (unknown or cryptogenic) etiology. We sought to determine the prevalence, radiological characteristics, and clinical outcomes of undetermined ICH.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence and clinical-radiological characteristics of undetermined ICH.

Experience-Dependent Changes in Myelin Basic Protein Expression in Adult Visual and Somatosensory Cortex.

An experience-driven increase in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the somatosensory cortex (S1) has emerged as a new marker of adult cortical plasticity. That finding contrasts with the view that myelin is a structural brake on plasticity, and that contributes to ending the critical period (CP) in the visual cortex (V1). Despite the evidence that myelin-derived signaling acts to end CP in V1, there is no information about myelin changes during adult plasticity in V1.

Development of Glutamatergic Proteins in Human Visual Cortex across the Lifespan.

Traditionally, human primary visual cortex (V1) has been thought to mature within the first few years of life, based on anatomical studies of synapse formation, and establishment of intracortical and intercortical connections. Human vision, however, develops well beyond the first few years. Previously, we found prolonged development of some GABAergic proteins in human V1 (Pinto et al.

Effects of Fluoxetine and Visual Experience on Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synaptic Proteins in Adult Rat Visual Cortex.

Fluoxetine has emerged as a novel treatment for persistent amblyopia because in adult animals it reinstates critical period-like ocular dominance plasticity and promotes recovery of visual acuity. Translation of these results from animal models to the clinic, however, has been challenging because of the lack of understanding of how this selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor affects glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic mechanisms that are essential for experience-dependent plasticity. An appealing hypothesis is that fluoxetine recreates a critical period (CP)-like state by shifting synaptic mechanisms to be more juvenile.

Experience-dependent central vision deficits: Neurobiology and visual acuity.

Abnormal visual experience during childhood often leads to amblyopia, with strong links to binocular dysfunction that can include poor acuity in both eyes, especially in central vision. In animal models of amblyopia, the non-deprived eye is often considered normal and what limits binocular acuity. This leaves open the question whether monocular deprivation (MD) induces binocular dysfunction similar to what is found in amblyopia.

A high-throughput semi-automated preparation for filtered synaptoneurosomes.

Background: Synaptoneurosomes have become an important tool for studying synaptic proteins. The filtered synaptoneurosomes preparation originally developed by Hollingsworth et al. (1985) is widely used and is an easy method to prepare synaptoneurosomes.

Cortical development of AMPA receptor trafficking proteins.

AMPA-receptor trafficking plays a central role in excitatory plasticity, especially during development. Changes in the number of AMPA receptors and time spent at the synaptic surface are important factors of plasticity that directly affect long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), synaptic scaling, and the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in the developing cortex. Experience-dependent changes in synaptic strength in visual cortex (V1) use a molecularly distinct AMPA trafficking pathway that includes the GluA2 subunit.