Neural Regen Res
December 2024
Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. There is an unmet need for neuromodulatory therapies that can mitigate against neurovascular injury and potentially promote neurological recovery. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to show potential therapeutic effects in both acute and chronic stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Avoiding inclination of the glenoid baseplate in reverse shoulder arthroplasty often requires considerable glenoid reaming. It is proposed that the use of a metal wedged baseplate in all patients can achieve neutral inclination with reduced glenoid reaming.
Materials And Methods: A prospective clinical single-centre study with minimum two-year follow-up was carried out.
Context: Emerging data suggests that patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment. The true incidence of cognitive impairment in this group is unclear due to the difficulty in administering commonly used assessment tools, which are dependent on functional abilities e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: The increased use of gabapentinoids has been most pronounced in older people who are also susceptible to hip fractures.
Objective: To investigate the overall association between gabapentinoids and the risk of hip fractures and the stratified association across age groups, frailty status, and history of chronic kidney disease.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a case-case-time-control study in patients hospitalized for hip fracture in Victoria, Australia, between March 1, 2013, and June 30, 2018, with at least 1 prescription for a gabapentinoid before fracture.
Background And Aims: This Australian population-based study investigated statin intensity after hospitalization for ischemic stroke in a matched cohort of people living with and without dementia.
Methods: We identified all patients aged ≥ 30 years hospitalized in the state of Victoria, Australia, for ischemic stroke from July 1, 2013 to April 30, 2018 from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Data set. People with dementia were matched 1:4 for sex, 5-year age group and index date ± 90 days with people without dementia.
Introduction: Pre-diabetes indicates an elevated risk of developing type-2 diabetes and presents a window for preventive actions. The Pre-diabetes Intervention, Management and Evaluation (PRIME) programme is a community pharmacy-based pre-diabetes management programme that uses a mobile application for self-monitoring and pre-diabetes education, aiming to promote lifestyle changes among participants with pre-diabetes.
Methods And Analysis: This is a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the impact of the PRIME programme on participants' clinical outcomes and explore participants' and pharmacists' views towards its implementation.
Generating and translating high-quality evidence is integral to providing safe and effective medication management for residents of aged care homes. Residents are often under-represented in trials of medication effectiveness and safety. This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: We aimed to determine the impact of codeine rescheduling on prescribing of codeine and other opioids, with a focus on demographic and diagnoses associated with codeine prescribing before and after rescheduling of codeine to prescription-only in February 2018.
Methods: We used interrupted time series analysis (February 2016-February 2020) and probit regression to examine prescribing of codeine and other opioids according to primary care data from 464 general practice clinics in Victoria, Australia.
Results: The rate of codeine prescribing increased in the month following rescheduling (additional 76 people/10000, 95% confidence interval [CI] 49-103), then declined to baseline rates (slope -2.
Abnormalities in cellular metabolism are seen early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astrocyte support for neuronal function has a high metabolic demand, and astrocyte glucose metabolism plays a key role in encoding memory. This indicates that astrocyte metabolic dysfunction might be an early event in the development of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Clinical guidelines recommend secondary prevention medications following myocardial infarction (MI) regardless of revascularisation strategy. Studies suggest that there is variation in post-MI medication use following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). We investigated initial dispensing and 12-month patterns of medication use according to revascularisation strategy following non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have grown exponentially over the last 30 years. Together with its associated complications, the mortality rates have increased. One important complication in those living with T2DM is the acceleration of age-related cognitive decline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhich isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE) we inherit determine our risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but the mechanism underlying this link is poorly understood. In particular, the relevance of direct interactions between apoE and amyloid-β (Aβ) remains controversial. Here, single-molecule imaging shows that all isoforms of apoE associate with Aβ in the early stages of aggregation and then fall away as fibrillation happens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate longitudinal changes in symptomatic and preventive medication use among community-dwelling people with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD) 5 years pre- and post-AD diagnosis.
Design: Retrospective matched cohort study.
Settings And Participants: The sample comprised 58,496 people with a geriatrician/neurologist-verified AD diagnosis matched 1:1 for age, sex, and region to people without AD in Finland.
Background: Pharmacist-led medication regimen simplification using a structured approach can reduce unnecessary medication regimen complexity in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), but no studies have investigated simplification by different health professionals, nor the extent to which simplification is recommended during comprehensive medication reviews.
Objectives: To compare medication regimen simplification opportunities identified by pharmacists, general medical practitioners (GPs), and geriatricians and to determine if pharmacists identified simplification opportunities during routinely conducted comprehensive medication reviews in RACFs for these same residents.
Methods: Three pharmacists, three GPs and three geriatricians independently applied the Medication Regimen Simplification Guide for Residential Aged CarE (MRS GRACE) to medication data for 83 residents taking medications at least twice daily.
Interventions to address polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults often focus on medication-related outcomes. The aim was to explore the impact of multidisciplinary interventions to manage polypharmacy on clinical outcomes for community-dwelling older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interventions by at least a pharmacist and a physician, indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE or CENTRAL up to January 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
October 2024
Context: Current clinical guidelines recommend a drug holiday after extended use of oral bisphosphonates. However, no studies have investigated the effect of drug holidays before hip fractures on postfracture mortality.
Objective: This work aimed to investigate the effect of a drug holiday on postfracture mortality in patients with extended use of oral bisphosphonates.
Background: We investigated the association between post-hospital discharge use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and the incidence of hospitalization for acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked hospital and prescription data. Our cohort included people aged ≥30 years with type 2 diabetes discharged from a hospital in Victoria, Australia, from December 2013 to June 2018.
Down syndrome is a well-studied aneuploidy condition in humans, which is associated with various disease phenotypes including cardiovascular, neurological, haematological and immunological disease processes. This review paper aims to discuss the research conducted on gene expression studies during fetal development. A descriptive review was conducted, encompassing all papers published on the PubMed database between September 1960 and September 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Clinical practice guidelines recommend against the routine use of psychotropic medications in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Knowledge brokers are individuals or groups who facilitate the transfer of knowledge into practice. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using knowledge brokers to translate Australia's new Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Psychotropic Medications in People Living with Dementia and in Residential Aged Care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Deprescribing opportunities may differ across health care systems, nursing home settings, and prescribing cultures. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of STOPPFrail medications according to frailty status among residents of nursing homes in Australia, China, Japan, and Spain.
Design: Secondary cross-sectional analyses of data from 4 cohort studies.