Diastasis recti in children - results of ultrasonographic study.

Aim: Diastasis recti is a common contour abnormality of the anterior abdominal wall, where an increased distance between the rectus abdominis muscles results in a visible or palpable bulge in this area. This study aimed to characterize this clinical entity in children.

Material And Methods: Anatomy of the rectus abdominis muscles and the linea alba, with a special focus on the interrectus distance (distance between two bellies of the rectus abdominis muscles), was studied using ultrasound.

Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Eptifibatide for Tandem Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objectives: The optimal treatment strategy for ischemic stroke in patients presenting with tandem occlusions of the internal carotid artery remains controversial. Several studies have demonstrated better clinical outcomes after eptifibatide, which is a short half-life antiplatelet agent. This retrospective analysis focused on the safety and efficacy of low-dose eptifibatide administration in stroke patients with tandem lesions.

Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures.

The clinical relevance of nozzle-like strictures in upper parts of the internal jugular veins remains unclear. This study was aimed at understanding flow disturbances caused by such stenoses. Computational fluid dynamics software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was used.

Adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines-associated cerebral venous sinus thromboses: Are those adverse events related to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps?

In March and April 2021 several countries temporarily suspended vaccinations with adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Concerns of national regulators particularly regarded very rare cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after immunization with this type of vaccine. Until now, these adverse events were interpreted as standard hypercoagulable events, but their clinical characteristics suggest that they may actually represent unique thrombotic disorders referred to as immunothrombosis.

Results of Angioplasty With Double-Layer Mesh Stent and Protection Systems of the Extra- and Intracranial Dissection of Cephalic Arteries.

Purpose: Although a majority of cervical artery dissections can be managed conservatively, patients presenting with cerebral embolization or significant stenosis require a more aggressive approach. However, complications associated with endovascular repair are quite frequent and optimal interventional technique still remains to be established.

Materials And Methods: The aim of this post hoc survey was to analyze results of endovascular treatments for symptomatic dissections of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, which were performed under protection and with the use of double-layer mesh stents.

Is digital necrosis in COVID-19 caused by neutrophil extracellular traps: Potential therapeutic strategies.

Some of the COVID-19 patients present with ischemic lesions of their finger and toes. Standard anticoagulant therapy is usually unsuccessful for the treatment of this unique presentation of COVID-19. In this review current evidence is presented, which supports the hypothesis that these necrotic lesions are primarily related to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is blood vessels.

Mid-term and late results of endovascular treatment for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis under proximal protection.

Introduction: Although filters are still preferred during carotid stenting, proximal protection systems (PPS) are increasingly used during these procedures. PPS seem to be safer than distal systems, especially in symptomatic patients, but evidence supporting their use is limited.

Aim: This was a post hoc survey with 30-day mid-term and long-term follow up, which was aimed at assessment of the safety and efficacy of stenting of the internal carotid artery under PPS in symptomatic patients.

Numerical modeling of blood flow in the internal jugular vein with the use of computational fluid mechanics software.

Objectives: To determine the site and nature of altered hemodynamics in pathological internal jugular veins.

Method: With the use of computational fluid mechanics software we simulated blood flow in 3 D models of the internal jugular veins that exhibited different morphologies, including nozzle-like strictures in their upper parts and valves in the lower parts.

Results: In a majority of models with nozzle-like strictures, especially those positioned asymmetrically, abnormal flow pattern was revealed, with significant flow separation and regions with reversed flow.

The effect of the calibre and length of needle on the stability of sclerosing foam.

Objectives: Little is known how calibre and length of needles affect the stability of sclerosing foam.

Methods: Foams were made of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% polidocanol, and 0.

Blood flow in the internal jugular veins during the spaceflight - Is it actually bidirectional?

Recently intriguing results of the research performed on astronauts of the International Space Station have been published. Unexpectedly, in some crew members a stagnant and bidirectional flow in the internal jugular vein was found, and in one of the astronauts this vein seemed to be totally thrombosed. If it actually were the case that in the settings of weightlessness there is a substantial risk of jugular vein thrombosis, any long-term human space missions would be extremely dangerous.

Potential Involvement of Impaired Venous Outflow from the Brain in Neurodegeneration: Lessons Learned from the Research on Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency.

About 10 years ago, the so-called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency syndrome was discovered. This clinical entity, which is associated with extracranial venous abnormalities that impair venous outflow from the brain, was initially found exclusively in multiple sclerosis patients. Currently, we know that such venous lesions can also be revealed in other neurological pathologies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Endovascular management of carotid and vertebral artery dissections with new generation double-mesh stent and protection systems - single-center early and midterm results.

Introduction: Symptomatic dissections (SD) of cervical arteries are still a therapeutic problem. Although endovascular management (EM) is currently a preferred method of treatment of SD, complications associated with this method of treatment in published reports are quite frequent (3-16%).

Aim: In this retrospective study we analyzed the results of EM with novel, double-mesh stent and protection systems (PS) for SD of the internal carotid (IC) or vertebral arteries (VA) that coexisted with hemodynamically significant stenosis or aneurysmatic dilatation of the dissected artery.

Mechanical rotational thrombectomy with Rotarex system augmented with drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus stenting for the treatment of acute thrombotic and critical limb ischaemia in the femoropopliteal segment.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy is an alternative to local thrombolysis for the treatment of severe ischaemia in the femoropopliteal segment, but stent implantation is usually required after this procedure. The use of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) may overcome long-term problems associated with stents, but it remains unclear how often such a treatment is technically feasible and efficient.

Aim: This post hoc single-centre study was aimed at assessment of the feasibility, safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy followed by application of DEBs.

Possible Role of Glymphatic System of the Brain in the Pathogenesis of High-Altitude Cerebral Edema.

In this article, we suggest that the glymphatic system of the brain can play an important role in the pathogenesis of high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Water enters the intercellular space of the brain primarily through aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channels, the main component of the glymphatic system, whereas acetazolamide, pharmacological agent used in the prevention of HACE, is the blocker of the AQP-4 molecule. In animal experiments, cerebral edema caused by hypobaric hypoxia was associated with an increased expression of AQP-4 by astrocytes.

Treatment of high- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism using the AngioJet percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy system in patients with contraindications for thrombolytic treatment - a pilot study.

Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis is the treatment of choice in patients presenting with high- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. The role of percutaneous mechanical pulmonary thrombectomy (PMPT) is not fully established, although selected patients can be managed with this method.

Aim: This open-label single-centre prospective pilot study was aimed at assessing the feasibility of PMPT for the treatment of severe pulmonary embolism in a Polish hospital.