Sex differences in cerebral blood flow among adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Background: Abnormalities in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are common in bipolar disorder (BD). Despite known differences in CBF between healthy adolescent males and females, sex differences in CBF among adolescents with BD have never been studied.

Objective: To examine sex differences in CBF among adolescents with BD versus healthy controls (HC).

Cerebral Blood Flow and Core Mood Symptoms in Youth Bipolar Disorder: Evidence for Region-Symptom Specificity.

Objective: Building on prior findings in adults, this study investigated regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relation to DSM-5 criterion A symptoms of depression and mania in youth with bipolar disorder (BD).

Method: The study recruited 81 youths with BD and 75 healthy controls 13-20 years old. CBF was ascertained using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.

Clinical and neurostructural characteristics among youth with familial and non-familial bipolar disorder: Family history and youth bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable and often severe, particularly when illness onset occurs early in life. There is limited knowledge regarding the clinical and neurostructural correlates of family history of BD among youth with BD.

Methods: Clinical characteristics were evaluated in 197 youth with BD, ages 13-20 years, including 87 with familial BD and 110 with non-familial BD.

Correspondence between patterns of cerebral blood flow and structure in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder.

Adolescence is a period of rapid development of the brain's inherent functional and structural networks; however, little is known about the region-to-region organization of adolescent cerebral blood flow (CBF) or its relationship to neuroanatomy. Here, we investigate both the regional covariation of CBF MRI and the covariation of structural MRI, in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a disease with increased onset during adolescence, putative vascular underpinnings, and evidence of anomalous CBF and brain structure.

Novel therapeutic targets in mood disorders: Pentoxifylline (PTX) as a candidate treatment.

Numerous pharmacological treatments for mood disorders are currently available; however, rates of treatment resistance, relapse and recurrence remain high. Therefore, novel treatments acting outside of the conventionally targeted monoamine system are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. Emerging and converging evidence suggests that immune dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) and decreased neurotrophic factors all contribute to mood disorder pathophysiology and are therefore treatment targets of interest.

Similarities and Differences Across Bipolar Disorder Subtypes Among Adolescents.

To compare demographic, clinical, and familial characteristics across bipolar disorder (BD) subtypes in adolescents. A total of 168 participants, 13 to 19 years of age, with BD-I ( = 41), BD-II ( = 68), or operationalized BD-not otherwise specified (NOS) ( = 59) were recruited from a tertiary subspecialty clinic at an academic health sciences center. Diagnoses were determined using the semistructured K-SADS-PL (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version) interview.

Elevated Familial Cardiovascular Burden Among Adolescents With Familial Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable medical conditions, and certain phenotypic characteristics are especially familial in BD. BD is also strongly associated with elevated and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Thus, far, little is known regarding the familiality of cardiovascular risk in BD.

Cortical Volume and Thickness Across Bipolar Disorder Subtypes in Adolescents: A Preliminary Study.

Objectives: Neuroimaging studies of adults with bipolar disorder (BD) have identified several BD subtype distinctions, including greater deficits in prefrontal gray matter volumes in BD-I (bipolar I disorder) compared to BD-II (bipolar II disorder). We sought to investigate BD subtype differences in brain structure among adolescents and young adults.

Methods: Forty-four youth with BD (14 BD-I, 16 BD-II, and 14 BD-not otherwise specified [NOS], mean age 17) underwent 3T-MRI and images were analyzed using FreeSurfer software.

Cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Background: Neuroimaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) as there is increasing support for the concept that BD is in part a vascular disease. Despite numerous studies examining CBF in BD, there has not yet been a review of the literature on the topic of CBF in BD.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature on CBF in BD was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Sex differences in brain structure among adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is twice as prevalent amongst female as amongst male adolescents. Thus far, little is known regarding the neurostructural substrates underlying this disparity. We therefore examined sex differences in neurostructural magnetic resonane imaging (MRI) phenotypes amongst adolescents with BD.