A comparative study of thermal radiation model in Chinese solar greenhouse.

The performance of three widely used thermal radiation models, the P-1 model, the surface-to-surface (S2S) model and the Discrete-Ordinates (DO) model, were evaluated for simulation temperature in Chinses solar greenhouse. The thermal radiation models were evaluated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data at representative points in the CSG. For indoor rear wall, the indoor soil and indoor air, the models showed good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated results correspond to P1, S2S and DO respectively.

The nonlinear relationship between triglyceride glucose-waist circumference and stroke risk in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide prospective cohort study of the CHARLS.

Background And Aims: Numerous research have focused on the relationship of metabolic markers and stroke risk, yet limited research has focused on the triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) index. This study explored the possible association of TyG-WC and stroke among moderately aged and old Chinese adults over 45 years of age.

Methods: This observational cohort analysis involved 9054 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement and employed a standardized questionnaire administered via in-person interviews.

Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and poor functional outcomes at 90 days in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: This study retrospectively collected 1988 AIS patients admitted to two hospitals in the Shenzhen area between January 2022 and March 2023. A total of 1255 patients with Fasting Blood-glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) values at admission were included in this analysis.

Effect of short-term intensive design-based STEM learning on executive function: an fNIRS study of the left-behind children.

Design-based STEM learning is believed to be an effective cross-disciplinary strategy for promoting children's cognitive development. Yet, its impact on executive functions, particularly for disadvantaged children, still need to be explored. This study investigated the effects of short-term intensive design-based STEM learning on executive function among left-behind children.

Nonlinear relationship between triglycerides and cognitive function after acute ischemic stroke among older adults.

Background: Although studies have explored the association between triglyceride levels and cognitive function after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the results have been conflicting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglyceride levels and cognitive function after AIS among older adults.

Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study.

Fiber-Integrated Force Sensor using 3D Printed Spring-Composed Fabry-Perot Cavities with a High Precision Down to Tens of Piconewton.

Developing microscale sensors capable of force measurements down to the scale of piconewtons is of fundamental importance for a wide range of applications. To date, advanced instrumentations such as atomic force microscopes and other specifically developed micro/nano-electromechanical systems face challenges such as high cost, complex detection systems and poor electromagnetic compatibility. Here, it presents the unprecedented design and 3D printing of general fiber-integrated force sensors using spring-composed Fabry-Perot cavities.

PDMS-filled micro-spring Fabry-Perot cavity for temperature sensing.

A highly sensitive fiber-tipped temperature sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-filled spring Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The spring FP cavity is first fabricated on the fiber endface by the two-photon polymerization lithography. After that, PDMS is filled into the cavity to drive the elongation of the flexible spring and thus to functionalize high-performance temperature sensing.

Ultrafast Förster resonance energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan in monellin: potential intrinsic spectroscopic ruler.

Ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) residues in the protein monellin has been investigated using picosecond and femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Decay associated spectra (DAS) and time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) taken with the different excitation wavelengths of 275, 290 and 295 nm were constructed global analysis. At two of those three excitation loci (275 and 290 nm), earmarks of energy transfer from Tyr to Trp in monellin are seen, and particularly when the excitation is 275 nm, the energy transfer between Tyr and Trp clearly changes the signature emission DAS shape to that indicating excited state reaction (especially on the red side of fluorescence emission, near 380 nm).

A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions.

Digital well-being concerns the balanced and healthy use of digital technology, and the existing studies in this area have focused on adolescents and adults. However, young children are more vulnerable to digital overuse and addiction than adults; thus, their digital well-being deserves empirical exploration. In this scoping review, we synthesized and evaluated 35 collected studies on young children's digital use and their associated well-being that were published up to October of 2022 to understand the related definitions, measurements, contributors, and interventions.

The Prevalence of Social Frailty Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To report the overall prevalence of social frailty among older people and provide information for policymakers and authorities to use in developing policies and social care.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting And Participants: We searched 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to find articles from inception to July 30, 2022.

Two-photon direct laser writing of micro Fabry-Perot cavity on single-mode fiber for refractive index sensing.

Using the two-photon polymerization (TPP) lithography, here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fiber-tipped Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for liquid refractive index (RI) measurement. To fit the aqueous environment, the FPI is designed as an open-cell microstructure consisting of well-crafted surfaces together with supporting rods, where the major spectral interference occurs between the waveguide's facet and the printed surface. Subsequently, the sensing performances of the fiber FPI are comprehensively studied under various RI as well as temperature configurations.

Ultrafast Förster resonance energy transfer between tyrosine and tryptophan: potential contributions to protein-water dynamics measurements.

Ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) and Tryptophan (Trp, W) in the model peptides Trp-(Pro)-Tyr (WPY) has been investigated using a femtosecond up-conversion spectrophotofluorometer. The ultrafast energy transfer process (<100 ps) in short peptides (WY, WPY and WP2Y) has been resolved. In fact, this FRET rate is found to be mixed with the rates of solvent relaxation (SR), ultrafast population decay (QSSQ) and other lifetime components.

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Thiazole Orange.

Thiazole orange (TO), an asymmetric cyanine dye, has been widely used in biomolecular detection and imaging of DNA/ RNA in gels, due to its unique fluorogenic behavior: fluorescence of free dye in aqueous solution is very weak but emission can be significantly enhanced in nucleic-acid-bound dye. Herein we describe the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of free TO in aqueous solution by exploiting both a femtosecond upconversion spectrophotofluorometer and a picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus. For the first time, the fluorescence lifetime of TO monomer in water was found to be ∼1 ps, mixed with concurrent solvent relaxation (which was confirmed by the experimental results of TO in DMSO).

Excited State Dynamics of Methylated Guanosine Derivatives Revealed by Femtosecond Time-resolved Spectroscopy.

Methylated DNA/RNA nucleobases are important epigenetic marks in living species and play an important role for targeted therapies. Moreover, methylation could bring significant changes to the photo-stability of nucleic acid, leading these sites become mutational hotspots for disease such as skin cancer. While a number of studies have demonstrated the relationship between excited state dynamics and the biological function of methylated cytosine in DNA, investigations aimed at unraveling the excited state dynamics of methylated guanosine in RNA have been largely overlooked.

Atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst displaying ultra-high stability and recyclability for efficient electroreduction of CO to CO.

To avoid the agglomeration of iron NPs and improve the dispersion of Fe SAs, we employed a mixed-ligand strategy to regulate the iron content in PCN-224(ZnFe) and PCN-222(ZnFe). Thanks to the sublimation of Zn and the Kirkendall effect, uniform dispersions of Fe SAs with 1.04-1.

Attention-Guided Network with Densely Connected Convolution for Skin Lesion Segmentation.

The automatic segmentation of skin lesions is considered to be a key step in the diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions, which is essential to improve the survival rate of patients. However, due to the low contrast, the texture and boundary are difficult to distinguish, which makes the accurate segmentation of skin lesions challenging. To cope with these challenges, this paper proposes an attention-guided network with densely connected convolution for skin lesion segmentation, called CSAG and DCCNet.

Ultrafast Fluorescence Spectroscopy via Upconversion and Its Applications in Biophysics.

In this review, the experimental set-up and functional characteristics of single-wavelength and broad-band femtosecond upconversion spectrophotofluorometers developed in our laboratory are described. We discuss applications of this technique to biophysical problems, such as ultrafast fluorescence quenching and solvation dynamics of tryptophan, peptides, proteins, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and nucleic acids. In the tryptophan dynamics field, especially for proteins, two types of solvation dynamics on different time scales have been well explored: ~1 ps for bulk water, and tens of picoseconds for "biological water", a term that combines effects of water and macromolecule dynamics.

Revealing the structure-activity relationship of two Cu-porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks for the electrochemical CO-to-HCOOH transformation.

The eCO2RR activity is correlated to the internal structural character of the catalyst. We employed two types of structural models of porphyrin-based MOFs of PCN-222(Cu) and PCN-224(Cu) into heterogeneous catalysis to illustrate the effect of structural factors on the eCO2RR performance. The composite catalyst PCN-222(Cu)/C displays better activity and selectivity (η = 450 mV, FEHCOOH = 44.

Young children's online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents' beliefs and attitudes.

Online learning has been widely promoted to replace traditional face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain young children's learning and play at home. This study surveyed 3275 Chinese parents' beliefs and attitudes around young children's online learning during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parents (92.

Ultrafast spectroscopy of biliverdin dimethyl ester in solution: pathways of excited-state depopulation.

Biliverdin is a bile pigment that has a very low fluorescence quantum yield in solution, but serves as a chromophore in far-red fluorescent proteins being developed for bio-imaging. In this work, excited-state dynamics of biliverdin dimethyl ether (BVE) in solvents were investigated using femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This study is the first fs timescale investigation of BVE in solvents, and therefore revealed numerous dynamics that were not resolved in previous, 200 ps time resolution measurements.

Dehydrogenase Binding Sites Abolish the "Dark" Fraction of NADH: Implication for Metabolic Sensing via FLIM.

The fluorescence of dinucleotide NADH has been exploited for decades to determine the redox state of cells and tissues and . Particularly, nanosecond (ns) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of NADH (in free vs bound forms) has recently offered a label-free readout of mitochondrial function and allowed the different "pools" of NADH to be distinguished in living cells. In this study, the ultrafast fluorescence dynamics of NADH-dehydrogenase (MDH/LDH) complexes have been investigated by using both a femtosecond (fs) upconversion spectrophotofluorometer and a picosecond (ps) time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus.

miR-3646 promotes vascular inflammation and augments vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in progression of coronary artery disease by directly targeting RHOH.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and the number of individuals at CAD risk is increasing. To better manage cardiovascular disease, improved tools for risk prediction including the identification of novel accurate biomarkers are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of protein-coding genes at the post-transcription level and their dysregulated expression has been implicated in various pathogenic processes including cardiovascular disease.

Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectra of NADH in Solution: Ultrafast Solvation Dynamics.

The ultrafast solvation dynamics of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) free in solution has been investigated, using both a femtosecond upconversion spectrophotofluorometer and a picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus. The familiar time constant of solvent relaxation originating in "bulk water" was found to be ∼1.4 ps, revealing ultrafast solvent reorientation upon excitation.

The upregulation of miR-101 promotes vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in acute coronary syndrome by targeting CDH5.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be of great importance in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the exact role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ACS has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-101 was significantly upregulated in the serum samples of patients with acute coronary syndrome compared with healthy controls.

A fraction of NADH in solution is "dark": Implications for metabolic sensing via fluorescence lifetime.

The metabolic cofactor and energy carrier NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced) has fluorescence yield and lifetime that depends strongly on conformation, a fact that has enabled metabolic monitoring of cells via FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy). Using femtosecond fluorescence upconversion, we show that this molecule in solution participates in ultrafast self-quenching along with both bulk solvent relaxation and spectral relaxation on 1.4 and 26 ps timescales.