Holistic Comparison of the Lipidomes Simultaneously From 12 Panax Herbal Medicines By Ultra-High-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled With Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Researches regarding quality control of ginseng focusing on the lipids are rare. Herein, ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/IM-QTOF-MS) combined with untargeted metabolomic analysis was utilized to holistically characterize and compare the lipidomic difference among 12 Panax-derived herbal medicines. The established UHPSFC/IM-QTOF-MS method, using a Torus 1-AA column with CO/CHOH (modifier) as the mobile phase, well resolved the ginseng lipidome within 30 min.

Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling and Comparison Enabling the Characterization of 1146 Ginsenosides and More Explicit Differentiation of Ginseng.

This work was designed for the in-depth characterization and holistic comparison of up to 12 ginseng varieties, which can benefit the development of functional foods and ensure their authenticity in the food industry. An online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC/QTOF-MS) approach was established by configurating the XCharge C18 and HSS Cyano columns. Under the optimal conditions, we characterized a total of 1146 ginsenosides (including 876 potentially new compounds) from 12 ginseng varieties by reference to an in-house library of 573 known ginsenosides and 70 reference compounds.

Mechanisms and influencing factors of horizontal gene transfer in composting system: A review.

Organic solid wastes such as livestock manure and sewage sludge are important sources and repositories of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Composting, a solid waste treatment technology, has demonstrated efficacy in degrading various antibiotics and reducing ARGs. However, some recalcitrant ARGs (e.

MiR-322-5p is involved in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in offspring's growth plate of maternal gestational diabetes.

Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has an impact on fetal bone formation, but the underlying mechanism is still obscure. Although miRNAs have been extensively investigated throughout bone formation, their effects on fetal bone development caused by PGDM still need clarification. This study intends to examine the mechanism by which hyperglycemia impairs the bone formation of offspring via miR-322-5p (miR-322).

Closure methods for large defects after gastrointestinal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Nowadays, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly performed for the removal of large gastrointestinal lesions. Endoscopic mucosal defect closure after ESD is vital to avoid adverse events. In recent years, many innovative instruments have emerged and proved to be beneficial.

Exploring the relationship between frequent cannabis use, belief updating under uncertainty and psychotic-like symptoms.

Background: Cannabis users present an important group for investigating putative mechanisms underlying psychosis, as cannabis-use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Recent work suggests that alterations in belief-updating under uncertainty underlie psychosis. We therefore compared belief updating under uncertainty between cannabis and non-cannabis users.

Innovative insights into organic nitrogen degradation through protein family domains analysis in chicken and pig manure composting using metagenomic sequencing.

The nitrogen loss in composting is primarily driven by the transformation of organic nitrogen, yet the mechanisms underlying the degradation process remain incompletely understood. This study employed protein family domains (Pfams) analysis based on metagenomic sequencing to investigate the functional characteristics, key microorganisms, and environmental parameters influencing organic nitrogen degradation in chicken manure and pig manure composting. 154 Pfams associated with ammonification function were identified.

Reversine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells through targeting MEK1.

Reversine, or 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine, is a 2,6-disubstituted purine derivative. This small molecule shows anti-tumor potential by playing a central role in the inhibition of several kinases related to cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. In this study, systematic review demonstrated the feasibility and pharmacological mechanism of anti-tumor effect of reversine.

Microbial hydrogen sinks in the sand-bentonite backfill material for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste.

The activity of subsurface microorganisms can be harnessed for engineering projects. For instance, the Swiss radioactive waste repository design can take advantage of indigenous microorganisms to tackle the issue of a hydrogen gas (H) phase pressure build-up. After repository closure, it is expected that anoxic steel corrosion of waste canisters will lead to an H accumulation.

Baicalin administration could rescue high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation by regulating neural crest development.

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital disorders, but little is known about craniofacial skeleton malformation and its corresponding medication. Our study first used meta-analysis to review the previous findings. Second, baicalin, an antioxidant, was chosen to counteract high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation.

iPCa-Net: A CNN-based framework for predicting incidental prostate cancer using multiparametric MRI.

Incidental prostate cancer (iPCa) is an early stage of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and is typically asymptomatic, making it difficult to detect in clinical practice. The objective of this study is to predict iPCa by analyzing prostatic MRIs using deep convolutional neural network (CNN). While CNN-based models in medical image analysis have made significant advancements, the iPCa prediction task presents two challenging problems: subtler differences in MRIs that are imperceptible to human eyes and a lower incidence rate, resulting in a more pronounced sample imbalance compared to routine cancer prediction.

Assessment of groundwater hydrochemistry, water quality, and health risk in Hainan Island, China.

Groundwater is an important source of water for human sustenance. The determination of groundwater quality at island sites is an urgent priority in China, but there are lacking systematic reports relating to them. Here, 63 groups of groundwater samples were collected and analyzed of Hainan Island.

Investigation of Molecular Interactions Mechanism of Pembrolizumab and PD-1.

Human programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint protein involved in the regulation of immune response. Antibodies are widely used as inhibitors that block the immune checkpoint, preventing strong immune responses. Pembrolizumab is an FDA-approved IgG4 antibody with PD-1 inhibitory ability for the treatment of melanoma.

Priority control factors for heavy metal groundwater contamination in peninsula regions based on source-oriented health risk assessment.

Peninsula regions in China face serious environmental issues, such as heavy metal (HM) groundwater contamination. However, attempts to investigate the pollution sources and health risks of HM contamination in such regions require considerable resources and costs. Moreover, the priority control factors for groundwater HMs remain unclear.

The acute effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol in adults and adolescents: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment.

Background And Aims: Long-term harms of cannabis may be exacerbated in adolescence, but little is known about the acute effects of cannabis in adolescents. We aimed to (i) compare the acute effects of cannabis in adolescent and adult cannabis users and (ii) determine if cannabidiol (CBD) acutely modulates the effects of delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC).

Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment.

Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy.

Exosomes (Exos) as drug delivery vehicles have been widely used for cancer immunotherapy owing to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity. Some Exos-based cancer immunotherapy strategies such as tuning of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockades, and cancer vaccines have also been investigated in recent years, which all showed excellent therapeutic effects for malignant tumor. Furthermore, some Exos-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer immunotherapy have also undergone clinic trails, indicating that Exos are a promising drug delivery carrier.

A multidimensional chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for the in-depth metabolites characterization of two Astragalus species.

To address the chemical complexity is indispensable in a number of research fields. Herb metabolome is typically composed by more than one class of structure analogs produced via different biosynthetic pathways. Multidimensional chromatography (MDC), due to the greatly enhanced separation space, offers the potential solution to comprehensive characterization of herbal metabolites.

Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating lefty1 mRNA inhibit hepatic fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver caused by persistent chronic injury, which can lead to more serious diseases such as cirrhosis or cancer. Blocking the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), one of the most important cytokines in liver fibrosis, may be one of the effective ways to inhibit liver fibrosis. As a kind of natural nano-scale vesicles, small extracellular vesicles (sEvs) have displayed excellent delivery vehicle properties.

Application of advanced technology in traditional Chinese medicine for cancer therapy.

Although cancer has seriously threatened people's health, it is also identified by the World Health Organization as a controllable, treatable and even curable chronic disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to treat cancer due to its multiple targets, minimum side effects and potent therapeutic effects, and thus plays an important role in all stages of tumor therapy. With the continuous progress in cancer treatment, the overall efficacy of cancer therapy has been significantly improved, and the survival time of patients has been dramatically prolonged.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of the daily rhythm on the hemolymph of the Chinese mitten crab ().

The daily rhythm affects a series of physiological functions in crustaceans. To study its effect on the physiological function in , a crustacean species of high economic value, we analyzed the hemolymph transcriptome during the daily rhythm by high-throughput sequencing. We sampled the hemolymph from crabs at four time points in a single day (06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h) and identified 3,01,661 and 1,03,998 transcripts and unigenes, respectively; some of the unigenes were annotated as core clock genes.

A novel hybrid scan approach enabling the ion-mobility separation and the alternate data-dependent and data-independent acquisitions (HDDIDDA): Its combination with off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography for comprehensively characterizing the multicomponents from Compound Danshen Dripping Pill.

Data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based MS strategies are extensively applied in metabolites characterization. DDA gives accurate MS information, but receives low coverage, while DIA covers the entire mass range, but the precursor-product ions matching often yields false positives. Currently available MS scan approaches rarely integrate DIA and DDA within a duty circle.

Simultaneous quantitative assays of 15 ginsenosides from 119 batches of ginseng samples representing 12 traditional Chinese medicines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector.

Despite the extensive consumption of ginseng, precise quality control of different ginseng products is highly challenging due to the containing of ginsenosides in common for different Panax species or different parts (e.g. root, leaf, and flower) of a same species.