Treatment for moyamoya disease with hyperhomocysteinemia.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of controlling serum homocysteine on improving surgical outcomes in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) and hyperhomocysteinemia. In this prospective observational cohort study, 477 patients with MMD post-encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis are divided into the HHcy-MMD post-control group (n = 193), HHcy-MMD uncontrolled group (n = 91), and MMD group (n = 193), with the HHcy-MMD post-control group further subdivided into good (homocysteine 0-10 μmol/L, n = 121) and general (homocysteine 10-15 μmol/L, n = 72) control groups. The differences in imaging and long-term clinical prognosis among the three groups were compared.

5-Hydroxytryptamine G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Family Genes: Key Players in Cancer Prognosis, Immune Regulation, and Therapeutic Response.

Background: Firstly, 5-hydroxytryptamine G-protein-coupled receptors () are a family of 13 genes associated with cancer progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of in cancer remains largely lacking.

Method: We tested the gene expression levels and prognostic values for the in relation to pan-cancer.

RNA-binding protein HuR regulates the transition of septic AKI to CKD by modulating CD147.

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hu antigen R (HuR) is recognized as a crucial modulator in inflammation. We hypothesized that elevated HuR contributes to the transition from septic AKI to CKD by promoting persistent inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibition of HuR may reverse septic kidney injury.

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Assembly of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Grafted Nanoparticles into Superlattice Monolayers and Their Application as Floating Gates for High Performance Memory.

Polymer/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composites have been utilized as floating gates to enhance the performance of memory devices. However, these devices typically exhibit a low ON/OFF drain current ratio (/) and unstable charge trapping, attributed to the poorly defined arrangement of AuNPs within the composite floating gate. To address these limitations, this study employs poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted AuNPs (Au@PMMA) as building blocks for the fabrication of monolayered superlattice films with a highly ordered structure via liquid/liquid interfacial assembly.

Redesigning Berberines and Sanguinarines to Target Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy.

Amino-berberine has remained underexplored due to limited biological evaluation and total synthesis approaches. In inflammation therapy, soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) is a promising target, yet natural scaffolds remain underutilized. Our study advances the field by redesigning natural compounds─berberine and sanguinarine─with strategic urea modifications and hydrogenated frameworks, creating novel sEH inhibitors with enhanced efficacy.

Comparing Outcomes of Moyamoya Disease and Moyamoya Syndrome in a Real-World Scenario: A Cohort Study.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) are rare cerebrovascular conditions with unclear distinctions in clinical presentation and prognosis.

Aim: This study assessed potential differences between MMD and MMS patients using real-world data on clinical manifestations, surgical outcomes, and stroke risk factors.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study examined patients with MMD or MMS treated at three tertiary academic hospitals in China, with a mean follow-up of 11.

Identifying the signature of NAD+ metabolism-related genes for immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) -related metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells involves multiple vital cellular processes. However, the role of NAD metabolism in immunity and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains not elucidated. Here we identified and clustered 33 NAD + metabolism-related genes (NMRGs) based on 808 GC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Ribosomal protein S3A (RPS3A), as a transcription regulator of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), promotes glioma progression through regulating the recruitment and autophagy-mediated M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

Dysregulated expression of ribosomal protein S3A (RPS3A) is associated with the tissue infiltration of immune-related cells in a variety of cancers. However, the role of RPS3A in immune cell infiltration in glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of RPS3A in the glioma immune microenvironment.

Liquid culture of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium with high yield and extraction and anti-fatigue activity of its polysaccharides.

In this study, the liquid culture system of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium with high yield were established by using orthogonal experiments. Results indicated a 58.08 % increase in mycelium biomass and a 2.

Discovery of glycosidated glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives: Natural product-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

There are few reports on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) structure-activity relationship studies using natural product-based scaffolds. In this study, we discovered that C-30 urea derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid such as 33, rather than C-20/C-3 urea derivatives, possess in vitro sEH inhibitory capabilities. Furthermore, we explored the impact of stereoconfigurations at C-3 and C-18 positions, and glycosidic bonds at the 3-OH on the compound's activity.

Design and structure-activity relationships of ether-linked alkylides: Hybrids of 3-O-descladinosyl macrolides and quinolone motifs.

Ketolides (3-keto) such as TE-802 and acylides (3-O-acyl) like TEA0929 are ineffective against constitutively resistant pathogens harboring erythromycin ribosomal methylation (erm) genes. Following our previous work on alkylides (3-O-alkyl), we explored the structure-activity relationships of hybrids combining (R/S) 3-descladinosyl erythromycin with 6/7-quinolone motifs, featuring extended ether-linked spacers, with a focus on their efficacy against pathogens bearing constitutive erm gene resistance. Optimized compounds 17a and 31f not only reinstated efficacy against inducibly resistant pathogens but also demonstrated significantly augmented activities against constitutively resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes, which are typically refractory to existing C-3 modified macrolides.

Synthetic macrolides overcoming MLSK-resistant pathogens.

Conventional macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-ketolide (MLSK) antibiotics are unable to counter the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance that is conferred by the constitutive methylation of rRNA base A2058 or its G2058 mutation, while the presence of unmodified A2058 is crucial for high selectivity of traditional MLSK in targeting pathogens over human cells. The absence of effective modes of action reinforces the prevailing belief that constitutively antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains impervious to existing macrolides including telithromycin. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of macrolides, featuring the strategic fusion of ketolide and quinolone moieties.

Protein Phosphatase 2ACα Regulates ATR-Mediated Endogenous DNA Damage Response Against Microcephaly.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an abundant heterotrimeric holoenzyme in eukaryotic cells coordinating with specific kinases to regulate spatial-temporal protein dephosphorylation in various biological processes. However, the function of PP2A in cortical neurogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that neuronal-specific deletion of Pp2acα in mice displayed microcephaly, with significantly smaller brains and defective learning and memory ability.

Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel non-ketolides: 9-Oxime clarithromycin featured with seven-to thirteen-atom-length diamine linkers at 3-OH.

We report here on the structure-activity relationships of hybrids combining 3-descladinosyl clarithromycin with quinolones linked by extended diamine connectors. Several hybrids, exemplified by 23Bc, 23Be, 23Bf, 26Be, and 30Bc, not only restored potency against inducibly resistant pathogens but also exhibited significantly enhanced activities against constitutively resistant strains of Staphylococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus pyogenes, which express high-level resistance independent of clarithromycin or erythromycin induction. Additionally, the novel hybrids showed susceptibility against Gram-negative Haemophilus influenzae.

Exploring the potential of thiophene derivatives as dual inhibitors of β-tubulin and Wnt/β-catenin pathways for gastrointestinal cancers in vitro.

Background: Gastrointestinal cancer poses a considerable global health risk, encompassing a heterogeneous spectrum of malignancies that afflict the gastrointestinal tract. It is significant to develop efficacious therapeutic agents, as they are indispensable for both the treatment and prevention of this formidable disease.

Methods: In this study, we synthesized a novel thiophene derivative, designated as compound 1312.

Fibrinogen-albumin ratio predicts treatment response in phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome.

Background: The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-associated primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an immune-related disease in adults with increasing morbidity and variable treatment response, in which inflammation may contribute to the multifactorial immunopathogenesis. The relationship between fibrinogen-albumin ratio (FAR), serving as a novel inflammatory biomarker, and PMN is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the association between FAR and disease activity and therapy response of PMN.

Revealing the pathogenesis of gastric intestinal metaplasia based on the mucosoid air-liquid interface.

Background: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is an essential precancerous lesion. Although the reversal of GIM is challenging, it potentially brings a state-to-art strategy for gastric cancer therapeutics (GC). The lack of the appropriate in vitro model limits studies of GIM pathogenesis, which is the issue this work aims to address for further studies.