Challenges for nephrology nurses in the management of children with chronic kidney disease.

An important treatment goal for pediatric nephrology caregivers is the optimization of a child's capacity for normal growth and development. However, the physiologic and metabolic derangements associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly alter these processes, creating important challenges in the care of affected children. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines support early recognition and treatment of CKD-related complications to improve growth and development and, ultimately, quality of life for children with this chronic condition.

Contracting and chaining to improve the performance of a college golf team: improvement and deterioration.

Recent work with operant procedures in sports has shown that feedback, reinforcement, and chaining can be effective techniques in improving performance. In many cases, however, a problem remains in getting the participants to practice the appropriate responses. In the present study, 14 college golfers were put on successive contingency contracts over three weeks to go through the Total Golf chaining-mastery program of Simek and O'Brien.

Immediate auditory feedback to improve putting quickly.

After being baserated for three putts from each of three distances, six veteran golfers were given immediate feedback for head and body movement in a brief treatment session. Providing immediate feedback of the inappropriate movement resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of putts holed.