Clinical Profile of posterior segment in high Myopia.

Background: Myopia is a growing global health concern, with prevalence surging, especially in East and Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization identifies high myopia as -5.00 diopter or less, carrying an elevated risk of irreversible blindness.

Sub retinal pigment epithelium hyporeflective spaces preceding large drusen collapse.

Purpose: To describe and study hyporeflective sub retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces in large drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment prior to collapse.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study which enrolled patients with large and very large drusen due to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The following optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were assessed: Drusen size (maximum width and height), OCT biomarkers of RPE atrophy, presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF), acquired vitelliform lesion and sub RPE regions of hyporeflectivity within the PED compartment.

X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis in a Young Female.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis has recessive inheritance which occurs due to RS1 gene mutation. We report an instance in a female managed with systemic and topical carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors. 18-year female presented with bilateral blurred vision for two years.

Posterior Scleritis Simulating Choroidal Melanoma: A Case Report.

Nodular posterior scleritis (NPS) is rare; however, it is critical to differentiate it from similar intraocular pathologies to prevent inappropriate and potentially irreversible treatment. Multimodal imaging is beneficial in the diagnosis of NPS. This report describes the diagnosis and management of a case of NPS with corticosteroid therapy that led to complete resolution.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Coats' disease: a case report.

Background: Coats' disease was originally defined as a unilateral idiopathic exudative retinopathy in young males, characterized by abnormal retinal vascular telangiectasia with intraretinal and subretinal lipid exudation. The retinal detachment is usually exudative. Herein, we describe a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with detectable retinal break in a patient with Coats' disease.

Central retinal artery occlusion in optic disk melanocytoma.

Optic disk melanocytoma (ODM) is a rare benign tumor of the optic disk. We report a rare occurrence of profound visual loss due to central retinal artery occlusion associated with ODM in a 78-year-old female with no significant medical history. The clinical findings were supplemented by ancillary investigations.

Comparative Study of Dry Eye Indices Following Cataract Surgery.

Background: This study aims to assess dry eye indices following cataract surgery.

Materials And Methods: A single center descriptive and comparative study was performed. A total of 100 eyes of 100 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria from 1st June 2017 to 30th May 2018 were enrolled.

Outcomes of Conventional External Dacryocystorhinostomy with and without Mitomycin C: Experience from Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the commonest surgery for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Inhibition of the scarring process within the anastomosis and rhinostomy site which has been attributed to the failure of this procedure, might improve the success rate of DCR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of DCR with Mitomycin-C (MMC) and to compare the results of DCR with and without MMC.

Outcomes of the Perplexed Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Coloboma.

Purpose: To determine the anatomical and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in eyes with chorioretinal coloboma managed by pars plana vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil (SO) tamponade.

Methods: Retrospective review of 29 eyes of 29 patients with retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal coloboma. All the cases were managed by vitrectomy procedures concluding with SO tamponade.

Evolution of Lightning Maculopathy: Presentation of Two Clinical Cases and Brief Review of the Literature.

Lightning is a naturally occurring atmospheric phenomenon. Though uncommon, it is a potentially devastating and underreported natural calamity. Lightning accounts for the second leading cause of weather-related death in most parts of the world.

Chemotherapy-Induced Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: Case Report.

The use of anticancer chemotherapy (ACC) has resulted in longer patient survival but has also increased drug-related adverse effects. A 22-year-old female receiving cisplatin-based intravenous chemotherapy for high risk variant of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) presented with complaints of sudden painless loss of vision in her right eye for a duration of 4 hours. Ocular findings were suggestive of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Ocular Manifestations and Biometrics in Marfan's Syndrome from Eastern Nepal.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular characteristics of Marfan's syndrome (MFS) fulfilling the revised Ghent-2 nosology in Eastern Nepal.

Materials And Methods: A hospital-based observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. Ocular manifestations and biometrics were incorporated.

Confrontation with a live subretinal parasite.

Background: Parasitic infestation of the eyes are a major cause of ocular diseases across the globe. Filarial and filarial-like nematodes top the list of the nematodes that affect the eye.

Case: A rare case of live sub retinal worm is reported in a 25 years old apparently healthy young male.

Angle Closure Glaucoma in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Background: Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) whether primary or secondary lens induced has rare occurrence in cases with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Method: Five patients with history of diminished vision, ocular pain, and nyctalopia were clinically evaluated. Four patients had unilateral presentations of circumciliary congestion, corneal edema, and high intraocular pressure (IOP), while one had bilateral presentation, respectively.

Orbital Teratoma: A rare congenital tumour.

Background: Orbital teratomas are congenital, unilateral germ cell tumors, which are present at birth with moderate to massive proptosis. The rare tumour has to be managed individually and is at times difficult.

Case: A female child in her 2nd day of life was brought to our department with complains of forward bulging of the left eye which was noticed since the time of her birth.