Enhanced neurologic concept recognition using a named entity recognition model based on transformers.

Although deep learning has been applied to the recognition of diseases and drugs in electronic health records and the biomedical literature, relatively little study has been devoted to the utility of deep learning for the recognition of signs and symptoms. The recognition of signs and symptoms is critical to the success of deep phenotyping and precision medicine. We have developed a named entity recognition model that uses deep learning to identify text spans containing neurological signs and symptoms and then maps these text spans to the clinical concepts of a neuro-ontology.

Tau kinetics in Alzheimer's disease.

The cytoskeletal protein tau is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease which is characterized by intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles containing abnormally phosphorylated insoluble tau. Levels of soluble tau are elevated in the brain, the CSF, and the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To better understand the causes of these elevated levels of tau, we propose a three-compartment kinetic model (brain, CSF, and plasma).

Schizophrenia Classification Using Resting State EEG Functional Connectivity: Source Level Outperforms Sensor Level.

Disrupted functional and structural connectivity measures have been used to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. Classification methods based on functional connectivity derived from EEG signals are limited by the volume conduction problem. Recorded time series at scalp electrodes capture a mixture of common sources signals, resulting in spurious connections.

Blood biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury: a selective review of unresolved issues.

Background: The use of blood biomarkers after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been widely studied. We have identified eight unresolved issues related to the use of five commonly investigated blood biomarkers: neurofilament light chain, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1, tau, S100B, and glial acidic fibrillary protein. We conducted a focused literature review of unresolved issues in three areas: mode of entry into and exit from the blood, kinetics of blood biomarkers in the blood, and predictive capacity of the blood biomarkers after mTBI.

A Kinetic Model for Blood Biomarker Levels After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes a significant economic and social burden. The diagnosis and prognosis of mild TBI, also called concussion, is challenging. Concussions are common among contact sport athletes.

Heterogeneity in Blood Biomarker Trajectories After Mild TBI Revealed by Unsupervised Learning.

Concussions, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), are a growing health challenge. Approximately four million concussions are diagnosed annually in the United States. Concussion is a heterogeneous disorder in causation, symptoms, and outcome making precision medicine approaches to this disorder important.

Evaluation of standard and semantically-augmented distance metrics for neurology patients.

Background: Patient distances can be calculated based on signs and symptoms derived from an ontological hierarchy. There is controversy as to whether patient distance metrics that consider the semantic similarity between concepts can outperform standard patient distance metrics that are agnostic to concept similarity. The choice of distance metric can dominate the performance of classification or clustering algorithms.

Synthesis of novel compounds containing morpholine and 5(4H)-oxazolone rings as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.

In this study, six new compounds containing morpholine and 5(4H)-oxazolone rings were synthesized. Structures of the new compounds using IR, (1)H NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis were characterized. All new compounds (4a-4f) have a strong inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase.