3D-Printing of Freestanding Pure MXene Microarchitectures.

Since their discovery, titanium-based MXenes (TiCT) have attracted significant attention. Several studies have presented versatile, cost-effective, and scalable approaches for fabricating TiCT-based functional components. However, most previous studies only allowed the realization of 2D patterns or required diverse additives to produce 3D architectures.

Exposure of Young Mice to Atmospherically Relevant PM Has Sex-Dependent Long-Lasting Impacts on the Skeletal Muscle System.

The negative effects of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) and their mediating mechanisms have been studied in various tissues. However, little is known about the mechanism and long-term tracking underlying the sex-dependent effects of PM on skeletal muscle system modulation.

Understanding constipation as a geriatric syndrome.

Constipation is common among older adults and significantly impacts their quality of life (QoL). Prior studies have extensively detailed constipation, but conceptualization of constipation as a geriatric syndrome is lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of constipation in the geriatric population and conceptualize constipation as a geriatric syndrome given its high prevalence, under-recognized status, and association with poor QoL and adverse outcomes among older adults.

A phase II trial of larotrectinib in tumors with NTRK fusions or extremes of NTRK mRNA overexpression identified by comprehensive genomic profiling.

Background: TRK-inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy across several cancers with NTRK fusions. Their activity in cancers with NTRK overexpression remains unclear.

Methods: This trial enrolled patients with advanced cancers harboring NTRK fusions or extreme mRNA overexpression, defined as NTRK1/2/3 expression by RNA profiling >5 SDs for a given cancer type.

Prevalence and associations of problematic smartphone use with smartphone activities, psychological well-being, and sleep quality in a household survey of Singapore adults.

Introduction: Despite the many benefits of smartphones, researchers have raised concerns over problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative effects on physical and psychological well-being. Studies examining PSU and its impact among adults remain limited. Hence, we aim to examine the prevalence of PSU among adults in Singapore, and explore its associations with smartphone activities, sleep quality, and psychological well-being, as well as age and gender-related differences in these associations.

Assessment of Treatment Modalities in Patients With Keloids: A Vancouver Scale Comparison.

Background: Various treatment modalities are used to treat keloids. However, a comprehensive assessment comparing the effectiveness of these modalities in terms of patient-reported outcomes is warranted.

Objective: To assess and compare the effectiveness of various treatment modalities for keloids.

Psychiatric Considerations of Infertility.

Objective: Infertility, the inability to achieve pregnancy within a year despite normal attempts to conceive without contraception, causes psychosocial burden for individuals and couples. This review summarized the interrelationship between infertility and psychological stress and suggested various forms of psychological intervention for infertility.

Methods: The PubMed, Google Scholar, and Korean Studies Information Service System databases were searched for English- and Korean-language articles published from 1990 to 2024.

TDO2 inhibition counters Benzo[a]pyrene-induced immune evasion and suppresses tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon known as an exogenous AhR ligand. This study investigates the role of BaP in inducing immune checkpoint expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the underlying mechanisms involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism.

Methods: We assessed the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1 and ICOSL, in lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and H1975) exposed to BaP.

Hot-Melt Extrusion Drug Delivery System-Formulated Extracts Regulate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.

contains valuable bioactive compounds, including astaxanthin, proteins, and fatty acids. Astaxanthin is known for its various health benefits, such as preserving the redox balance and reducing inflammation. However, its low stability and poor water solubility present challenges for various applications.

Soft tissue paradigm based Treatment planning in skeletal class III.

Objectives: This study aimed to propose guidelines for the indications of non-extraction, extraction camouflage treatment, and orthognathic surgery by comparing the degree of soft tissue improvement effects. This comparison focused on changes in CKHA, a soft tissue indicator corresponding to the major hard tissue indicator, ANB.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six patients, 25 males and 41 females, aged between 18 and 50 years and diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB < 0°), were enrolled in the study.

Size matters: Biomolecular compositions of small and large extracellular vesicles in the urine of glioblastoma patients.

The promise of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) in biomarker discovery is emerging. However, the characteristics and compositions of different uEV subpopulations across normal physiological and pathological states require rigorous explication. We recently reported proteomic signatures of small (s)-uEVs (<200 nm membranous nanoparticles) and described putative biomarkers corresponding to the diagnosis, tumour burden and recurrence of the lethal adult primary brain tumour, glioblastoma.

Anyon Interferometry to Detect Braiding Statistics of Neutral Modes.

On the edge of certain fractional quantum Hall states, e.g., at 2/3 and 5/2 filling, a local fractional excitation, occurring by anyon tunneling at a quantum point contact, is further fractionalized into counterpropagating charge and neutral (Abelian or non-Abelian) anyonic excitations.

Niclosamide attenuates calcification in human heart valvular interstitial cells through inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a considerable health burden with a lack of effective therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to develop interventions that inhibit the osteogenic transformation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and delay the calcification process. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, has emerged as a promising candidate that demonstrates a negative regulatory effect on porcine VICs calcification.

Analysis of postsurgical relapse patterns in one-jaw surgery: skeletal factors and clustering analysis in patients with mandibular setback.

Objectives: To compare presurgical skeletal factors and postsurgical relapse patterns between more relapsed (MR) and less relapsed (LR) groups.

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively examined patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery, classifying them into two groups based on the amount of relapse of the pogonion using K-means analysis. Comparisons were conducted by analyzing cephalometric radiographs presurgically (T0), at 1-month post-surgery (T1), and immediately after orthodontic treatment (T2).

Comparative Proteomics of ccRCC Cell Lines to Identify Kidney Cancer Progression Factors.

Background/aim: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of kidney cancers. The objective of this study was to identify novel progression markers for ccRCC based on proteomics, with the goal of stage determination and early diagnosis of kidney cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: We performed quantitative global proteomics coupled with Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry on kidney-derived cells, including HEK-293, 786-O (primary ccRCC), and Caki-1 (metastatic ccRCC) cells, to investigate the novel progression factors of ccRCC.

Sensitivity Analysis for Attributable Fraction in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding.

A main goal of epidemiology is to provide an impact of an exposure on health outcomes. The attributable fraction (AF) is a widely used measure for quantifying its contribution. Various methods have been developed to estimate AF, including standardization, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and doubly robust methods.

Experimental evolution under different nutritional conditions changes the genomic architecture and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii.

This study uncovers the molecular processes governing the adaptive evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens without antibiotic pressure. Genomic analysis of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii cells cultured for 8000 generations under starvation conditions (EAB1) or nutrient-rich conditions (EAB2) revealed significant genomic changes, primarily by insertion sequence (IS)-mediated insertions and deletions. Only two Acinetobacter-specific prophage-related deletions and translocations were observed in the EAB1 strain.

Cocktail effects of clothianidin and imidacloprid in zebrafish embryonic development, with high and low concentrations of mixtures.

There is growing concern that sprayed neonicotinoid pesticides () persist in mixed forms in the environmental soil and water systems, and these concerns stem from reports of increase in both the detection frequency and concentration of these pollutants. To confirm the toxic effects of , we conducted toxicity tests on two , clothianidin (CLO) and imidacloprid (IMD), in embryos of zebrafish. Toxicity tests were performed with two different types of mixtures: potential mixture compounds and realistic mixture compounds.

Revisiting T-cell adhesion molecules as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy: CD226 and CD2.

Cancer immunotherapy aims to initiate or amplify immune responses that eliminate cancer cells and create immune memory to prevent relapse. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which target coinhibitory receptors on immune effector cells, such as CTLA-4 and PD-(L)1, have made significant strides in cancer treatment. However, they still face challenges in achieving widespread and durable responses.