Advancements in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Process, Materials, Optimization, Applications, and Challenges.

Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is a cutting-edge high-speed additive manufacturing process enabling the production of high-strength components without relying on traditional high-temperature methods. Unlike other techniques, CSAM produces oxide-free deposits and preserves the feedstock's original characteristics without adversely affecting the substrate. This makes it ideal for industries requiring materials that maintain structural integrity.

Improving the quality of maternal and newborn healthcare at the district level: Addressing newborn deaths in Nepal.

Maternal and newborn care quality can be measured in three dimensions (Dimensions 1: care provision, 2: care experience, and 3: human and physical resources); however, little is known about which dimensions are associated with newborn and perinatal deaths. We examined the association between care quality and newborn and perinatal deaths in Nepal. This study incorporated secondary data from Nepal Service Provision Assessments (NSPA) 2015 (623 delivery facilities, facility inventory survey; 1,509 women, ANC clients interviews; 1,544 women, ANC observation) and Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2016 (5,038 women who reported having given birth in the five years preceding data collection).

Association between the person-centered maternity care experience and mental health after delivery in urban and rural Dhading, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Person-centered maternity care is a component of quality care, which includes effective communication, respect, and dignity. Supportive care has a positive effect on mothers' perinatal experience. In contrast, negative childbirth experiences can cause psychological problems.

Association of workload and practice of respectful maternity care among the healthcare providers, before and during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic in South Western Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Respectful maternity care is an approach that involves respecting women's belief, choices, emotions, and dignity during the childbirth process. As the workload among maternity care workforce affects intrapartum quality care, respectful maternity care might have also been affected, particularly during the pandemic. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the association between workload among healthcare providers and their practice of respectful maternity care, before and during the early phase of pandemic.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of a Video-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among People with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Single-Armed Pilot Study.

Despite the evidence of the disproportionate burden of tobacco use among people with HIV (PWH), little effort has been made to design and test smoking cessation interventions for PWH in resource-limited countries. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a video-based smoking cessation intervention consisting of eleven 3-8-minute sessions among PWH in Nepal, a lower-middle-income country. Guided by the phased-based model, our 3-month intervention focused on setting the quit date, smoking cessation, and abstinence maintenance.

Health and wellbeing of Nepalese migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: A mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Migrant workers support low- and middle-income economies through remittances, often bearing considerable health risks with long-term consequences. This study aims to understand the health and wellbeing issues of Nepalese migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, a major destination for low-skilled Nepalese workers.

Methodology: We conducted a mixed-methods study in Dhading district of Nepal.

Determination of the ^{27}Al Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement.

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating elastic electron scattering asymmetry on ^{27}Al. The ^{27}Al elastic asymmetry is A_{PV}=2.16±0.

Evaluating the impact of female community health volunteer involvement in a postpartum family planning intervention in Nepal: A mixed-methods study at one-year post-intervention.

Introduction: This is a one-year post-intervention study following an initiative to provide orientation to female community health volunteers (FCHVs) on postpartum family planning in Nepal. In light of positive results in the earlier post-intervention study, this study was designed to provide a more long-term perspective on sustainability by assessing the effect at one-year post-intervention.

Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted in January 2020 in Morang district, Nepal.

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA).

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop structures/objects by tailoring material composition, processing conditions, and geometry technically at every point in an object. In this review, we present three different early adopted, however, widely used, polymer-based 3D printing processes; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) to create polymeric parts. The main aim of this review is to offer a comparative overview by correlating polymer material-process-properties for three different 3D printing techniques.

Difference in factors associated with continuum of care completion rate from pregnancy to postpartum period in rural Nepal: a community-based, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the continuum of care (CoC) completion rate in maternal, neonatal and child health and its associated factors among mothers in two ecological regions in Nepal.

Design: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study, for which data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors.

Modeling the Effect of Subcutaneous Lixisenatide on Glucoregulatory Endocrine Secretions and Gastric Emptying in Type 2 Diabetes to Simulate the Effect of iGlarLixi Administration Timing on Blood Sugar Profiles.

Background: As type 2 diabetes (T2D) progresses, intensification to combination therapies, such as iGlarLixi (a fixed-ratio GLP-1 RA and basal insulin combination), may be required. Here a simulation study was used to assess the effect of iGlarLixi administration timing (am vs pm) on blood sugar profiles.

Methods: Models of lixisenatide were built with a selection procedure, optimizing measurement fits and model complexity, and were included in a pre-existing T2D simulation platform containing glargine models.

Factors associated with the length of stay at health facilities after childbirth among mothers and newborns in Dhading, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To measure the length of stay at a health facility after childbirth, identify factors associated with the length of stay and measure the gap between the timings of the last check-up and discharge.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Five public health facilities in Dhading, Nepal.

Precision Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering.

A beam-normal single-spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable related to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. We report a 2% precision measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering with a mean scattering angle of θ_{lab}=7.9° and a mean energy of 1.

Dielectronic resonances of and series in highly charged -shell tungsten ions.

We present spectroscopic measurements and detailed theoretical analysis of inner-shell and dielectronic resonances in highly charged -shell ions of tungsten. The x-ray emission from through was recorded at the electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology with a high-purity Ge detector for electron-beam energies between 6.8 and 10.

Spectroscopic analysis of N-intrashell transitions in Rb-like to Ni-like Yb ions.

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly-charged ytterbium ions produced in an electron beam ion trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology were observed with a flat-field grazing incidence spectrometer in the wavelength region of about 4 nm-20 nm. The measured spectra were interpreted through detailed analysis by collisional-radiative modeling of the non-Maxwellian EBIT plasma. Seventy-nine new spectral lines due to intrashell (Δ = 0, = 4) electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and electric-quadrupole transitions were identified in Rb-like Yb through Ni-like Yb ions.

A small proton charge radius from an electron-proton scattering experiment.

Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius, r. In 2010, a new method using muonic hydrogen atoms found a substantial discrepancy compared with previous results, which became known as the 'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved.

Assessing knowledge and behavioural changes on maternal and newborn health among mothers following post-earthquake health promotion in Nepal.

Introduction: Disasters can disrupt the existing health system affecting the whole population, but especially vulnerable people such as pregnant women, new mothers and their babies. Despite the global progress in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) programmes over the years, emergency responses after a disaster are often poor. Post-disaster health promotion could play an important role in improving MNCH outcomes.

Factors Affecting the Uptake of Institutional Delivery, Antenatal and Postnatal Care in Nawalparasi District, Nepal.

Background Maternal deaths and complications are highly preventable with good antenatal, postnatal and skilled care during childbirth. Inadequate information on the factors affecting these services could be barrier to a reduction of maternal deaths in lowincome countries. Objective To assess the uptake of antenatal, postnatal and skilled care during childbirth.

EBIT Observation of Ar Dielectronic Recombination Lines near the Unknown Faint X-Ray Feature Found in the Stacked Spectrum of Galaxy Clusters.

Motivated by possible atomic origins of the unidentified emission line detected at 3.55-3.57 keV in a stacked spectrum of galaxy clusters, an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) was used to investigate the resonant dielectronic recombination (DR) process in highly charged argon ions as a possible contributor to the emission feature.

Measuring the difference in nuclear charge radius of Xe isotopes by EUV spectroscopy of highly charged Na-like ions.

The difference in the mean-square nuclear charge radius of xenon isotopes was measured utilizing a method based on extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of highly charged Na-like ions. The isotope shift of the Na-like 1 (3 - 3 ) transition between the Xe and Xe isotopes was experimentally determined using the electron-beam ion-trap facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The mass-shift and the field-shift coefficients were calculated with enhanced precision by the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method.

Factors related to choice of place of birth in a district in Nepal.

Objective: In Nepal, both percentage of women giving birth at health facility and proportion of birth assisted by skilled birth attendant is very low. The purpose of this research was to identify predictors for choice of place of birth: either at home, primary health care facility (including birthing centres) or at tertiary health care facilites (hospitals and clinics).

Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in seven village development committee of a district lying in plain area of Nepal: Nawalparasi.

Identification and Plasma Diagnostics Study of Extreme Ultraviolet Transitions in Highly Charged Yttrium.

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of the L-shell ions of highly charged yttrium were observed in the electron beam ion trap of the National Institute of Standards and Technology using a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range of 4 nm-20 nm. The electron beam energy was systematically varied from 2.3 keV-6.