Broken Ring enVision Search (BReViS): A New Clinical Test of Attention to Assess the Effect of Layout and Crowding on Visual Search.

The assessment of attention in neuropsychological patients could be performed with visual search tests. The Broken Rings enVision Search test (BReViS) here proposed represents a novel open access paper-and-pencil tool in which layout and crowding are varied among four cards. These manipulations allow the assessment of different components of attention: a selective component, the visuo-spatial orientation of attention, and the focal attention, involved in a crowding phenomenon.

Normative Values of the Groffman Visual Tracing Test for the Assessment of Oculomotor Performance in the Adult Population.

The Groffman visual tracing (GVT) test is an indirect psychometric measure of oculomotor performance, used for the clinical assessment of eye movements. The test consists of two cards with five contorted lines of increasing overlap, crowding, and difficulty. The task starts from each of the letters at the top of the page, follows the line from the letter to the corresponding number at the bottom of the page, and the number is named.

Evaluation of stereoacuity with a digital mobile application.

Purpose: Stereopsis is a fundamental skill in human vision and visual actions. There are many ways to test and quantify stereoacuity: traditional paper and new digital applications are both valid ways to test the stereoacuity. The aim of this study is to compare the results obtained using standard tests and the new Stereoacuity Test App developed by the University of Bergamo.

Measurement of visual acuity with a digital eye chart: optotypes, presentation modalities and repeatability.

Purpose: Digital or computerised eye charts are becoming standard in the examination of visual acuity. Each instrument allows the selection of different optotypes, presentation modalities, and crowding. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in visual acuity (VA) measurement using a digital eye chart, comparing different optotypes and procedures, together with an evaluation of the repeatability of the measurement.

Comparison, within-session repeatability and normative data of three phoria tests.

Purpose: Phoria measurements form a routine part of the examination of binocular vision. Various studies have compared different methods of phoria measurement and their repeatability between sessions. However, no studies have accounted for within-session repeatability, and few norms have been available to date.

Different trajectories in the development of visual acuity with different levels of crowding: The Milan Eye Chart (MEC).

Eye charts are typically optimized to assess visual acuity (VA) with constant and controlled spacing, while close-to-acuity crowding limits letter identification in the normal fovea when adjacent letters are closely spaced. Here we developed a clinical tool that enables the assessment of acuity with different levels of crowding. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the developmental trajectories with our newly devised Milan Eye Chart (MEC).

The Reliability of the DEM Test in the Clinical Environment.

The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is a practical and simple method for assessing and quantifying ocular motor skills in children. Different studies have previously assessed the reliability of the DEM test and they have generally found high values for vertical and horizontal time, whereas those for Ratio and Errors were medium and low, respectively. In the second application of test were found an improvement in performance in all subtests.

Hyaluronic acid in hydrophilic contact lenses: spectroscopic investigation of the content and release in solution.

Two experimental spectroscopic methods for the determination of the content of hyaluronic acid in solution are provided based on the formation of complexes between the hyaluronic acid and cationic dyes with sensitivity down to concentrations of either 0.25 or 2.5 microg/ml.