Dual-action microparticles for ulcerative colitis: Cellulose nanofibers-enhanced delivery of 5-ASA and probiotics.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease initially treated with mesalazine (5-ASA). However, its effectiveness is limited by rapid absorption, low colonic concentration, and exacerbation of dysbiosis. Probiotics can mitigate dysbiosis if they survive the acidic conditions of the stomach.

Flexible regression model for predicting the dissemination of Liberibacter asiaticus under variable climatic conditions.

Greening, or Huanglongbing (HLB), poses a severe threat to global citrus cultivation, affecting various citrus species and compromising fruit production. Primarily transmitted by psyllids during phloem feeding, the bacterium Liberibacter induces detrimental symptoms, including leaf yellowing and reduced fruit quality. Given the limitations of conventional control strategies, the search for innovative approaches, such as resistant genotypes and early diagnostic methods, becomes essential for the sustainability of citrus cultivation.

Delivery Strategies of Probiotics from Nano- and Microparticles: Trends in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-An Overview.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, most known as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), causing considerable symptoms to millions of people around the world. Conventional therapeutic strategies have limitations and side effects, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches. Probiotics, known for their potential to restore gut homeostasis, have emerged as promising candidates for IBD management.

Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees.

Introduction: The severe Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB), a vascular disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium ' Liberibacter asiaticus', is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) . Disease impacts are known for sweet oranges and acid limes but not lemons.

Methods: In a five-year study (2017-2021) we compared yield and fruit quality between naturally-infected and healthy 5-yr-old trees of Sicilian lemon 'Femminello', and shoot phenology on both lemon and 'Valencia' orange, both grafted onto 'Swingle' citrumelo, grown in southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil.

Insight into resistance to ' Liberibacter asiaticus,' associated with Huanglongbing, in Oceanian citrus genotypes.

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease, is associated with unculturable, phloem-limited Liberibacter species, mainly L. asiaticus (Las). Las is transmitted naturally by the insect .

Protocol for Successful Transmission of ' Liberibacter asiaticus' from Citrus to Citrus Using .

A protocol to successfully transmit the huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen, ' Liberibacter asiaticus', between citrus plants by using the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) and an alternative way to help growers control ACP are proposed. Best results were obtained when pathogen acquisition by adults reared on fully symptomatic ' Liberibacter asiaticus'-positive plants, latency, and inoculation occurred at ambient air temperatures ranging from 24 to 28°C and when a single infective adult ACP was confined for 7 days on soft, newly developing vegetative shoots (stages v2 to v4). No infection resulted from confinement of infective ACP adults on mature leaves (stage v6).

Modeling ' Liberibacter asiaticus' Movement Within Citrus Plants.

The phloem-limited ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) causes huanglongbing, a destructive citrus disease. Graft-inoculated potted plants were used to assess Las speed of movement in phloem in the greenhouse, and the impacts of temperature on plant colonization in growth-chamber experiments. For assessment of Las speed, plants were inoculated at the main stem and assessed over time by quantitative PCR (qPCR) or symptoms at various distances from the inoculum.

Resistance to ' Liberibacter asiaticus,' the Huanglongbing Associated Bacterium, in Sexually and/or Graft-Compatible Relatives.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive, yet incurable disease of citrus. Finding sources of genetic resistance to HLB-associated ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) becomes strategic to warrant crop sustainability, but no resistant genotypes exist. Some relatives of the family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, were described as full-resistant to Las, but they are phylogenetically far, thus incompatible with .

Evidence That ' Liberibacter asiaticus' Moves Predominantly Toward New Tissue Growth in Citrus Plants.

' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) is an unculturable, phloem-limited, insect-transmitted bacterium associated with the Asiatic form of huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease. In Asia and the Americas, it is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid ( Kuwavama). Despite considerable research, little is known about the processes involved in plant infection and colonization by Las.

Optimization of sampling and monitoring of vegetative flushing in citrus orchards.

Citrus trees produce flushes throughout the year, but there are no criteria established for a precise shoot monitoring in orchards under tropical climate. Methods for quantification of flush dynamics would be useful for horticultural and pest management studies because different insect vectors feed and reproduce on flushes. We estimated the minimum number and distribution of trees for sampling and determined the flushing pattern over time in 'Valencia Late' orange trees grafted onto 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstock.

Differential Responses of Tobacco to the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis and Coffee Stem Atrophy Strains of .

comprises a diverse group of xylem-limited, insect-transmitted bacterial pathogens. In Brazil, the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee stem atrophy (CSA) diseases are caused by subspecies transmitted by common insect vectors. No simple protocol allowing strain discrimination exists, making epidemiological studies, which are important for devising control measures, difficult to undertake.

Scion Substitution: A New Strategy to Control Citrus Variegated Chlorosis Disease.

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease, caused by the xylem-limited and insect-transmitted bacterium , has caused severe losses in orange production in Brazil. Disease control requires insecticide applications, tree removal, and pruning of symptomatic branches. Pruning success has been erratic, especially in areas of high disease incidence.

and as Short-Term Transient Hosts of ' Liberibacter asiaticus' and Implications for the Spread of Huanglongbing.

and are aurantioid hosts of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) , the principal vector of ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las). Las is the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the Asian form of which is the most devastating disease of species and cultivars (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae). is a common ornamental and is grown as an ornamental, a citrus rootstock, and a hedgerow fence plant.

Unsuitability of indigenous South American Rutaceae as potential hosts of Diaphorina citri.

Background: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' is transmitted by Diaphorina citri, an insect with a wide range of hosts in Rutaceae. Species related to Citrus occur in Brazilian forests where they may serve as hosts for psyllids and infested citrus orchards.

Results: The suitability of plants as hosts of D.

Citrus flush shoot ontogeny modulates biotic potential of Diaphorina citri.

The biology and behaviour of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Liviidae), the major insect vector of bacteria associated with huanglongbing, have been extensively studied with respect to host preferences, thermal requirements, and responses to visual and chemical volatile stimuli. However, development of the psyllid in relation to the ontogeny of immature citrus flush growth has not been clearly defined or illustrated. Such information is important for determining the timing and frequency of measures used to minimize populations of the psyllid in orchards and spread of HLB.

Seasonal Variation of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Titers in New Shoots of Citrus in Distinct Environments.

The major citrus area of Brazil occupies near 450,000 ha between the Triângulo Mineiro (TM) region of Minas Gerais State and the south of São Paulo State (SPS). Significant climatic variation occurs between regions which could affect huanglongbing (HLB) progress, which is lower in TM. To investigate this possibility, young sweet orange shoots were sampled periodically over 2 years to determine 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' titers in naturally infected trees in orchards in Analândia, central SPS, and Frutal and Comendador Gomes, within TM.

Improvement in the Excised Citrus Leaf Assay to Investigate Inoculation of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' by the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a difficult-to-control and highly destructive citrus disease that, in Brazil, is associated mainly with the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the 'Ca. L.

Genetic structure and biology of Xylella fastidiosa strains causing disease in citrus and coffee in Brazil.

Xylella fastidiosa is a vector-borne, plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes disease in citrus (citrus variegated chlorosis [CVC]) and coffee (coffee leaf scorch [CLS]) plants in Brazil. CVC and CLS occur sympatrically and share leafhopper vectors; thus, determining whether X. fastidiosa isolates can be dispersed from one crop to another and cause disease is of epidemiological importance.

Microarray analyses of Xylella fastidiosa provide evidence of coordinated transcription control of laterally transferred elements.

Genetically distinct strains of the plant bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) are responsible for a variety of plant diseases, accounting for severe economic damage throughout the world. Using as a reference the genome of Xf 9a5c strain, associated with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), we developed a microarray-based comparison involving 12 Xf isolates, providing a thorough assessment of the variation in genomic composition across the group. Our results demonstrate that Xf displays one of the largest flexible gene pools characterized to date, with several horizontally acquired elements, such as prophages, plasmids, and genomic islands (GIs), which contribute up to 18% of the final genome.