Energy loss of charged particles in anisotropic 2D materials using the oscillator model.

We apply the oscillator model to study the energy loss processes of external charged particles interacting with a 2D material characterized by an anisotropic conductivity tensor. We model the material as a monolayer of harmonic oscillators, with anisotropic electronic vibration modes. We focus on the cases of parallel and perpendicular trajectories of the external particle, and we obtain analytical expressions for the stopping power and total energy loss in terms of reduced variables.

Excitation of hybridized Dirac plasmon polaritons and transition radiation in multi-layer graphene traversed by a fast charged particle.

We analyze the energy loss channels for a fast charged particle traversing a multi-layer graphene (MLG) structure with N layers under normal incidence. Focusing on a terahertz (THz) range of frequencies, and assuming equally doped graphene layers with a large enough separation d between them to neglect interlayer electron hopping, we use the Drude model for two-dimensional conductivity of each layer to describe hybridization of graphene's Dirac plasmon polaritons (DPPs). Performing a layer decomposition of ohmic energy losses, which include excitation of hybridized DPPs (HDPPs), we have found for N = 3 that the middle HDPP eigenfrequency is not excited in the middle layer due to symmetry constraint, whereas the excitation of the lowest HDPP eigenfrequency produces a Fano resonance in the graphene layer that is first traversed by the charged particle.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Characteristic Secondary Fluorescence in Electron Probe Microanalysis of Homogeneous Samples Using the Splitting Technique.

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is based on the comparison of characteristic intensities induced by monoenergetic electrons. When the electron beam ionizes inner atomic shells and these ionizations cause the emission of characteristic X-rays, secondary fluorescence can occur, originating from ionizations induced by X-ray photons produced by the primary electron interactions. As detectors are unable to distinguish the origin of these characteristic X-rays, Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport becomes a determinant tool in the study of this fluorescence enhancement.

Plasmon excitation in single-walled carbon nanotubes probed using charged particles: comparison of calculated and experimental spectra.

We study ' the excitation of plasmons due to the incidence of a fast charged particle that passes through a single-wall carbon nanotube. We use a quantized hydrodynamic model, in which the σ and π electron systems are depicted as two interacting fluids moving on a cylindrical surface. Calculations of the average number of the excited plasmons and the corresponding energy loss probability for the swift electrons are compared with several experimental results for electron energy loss spectra recorded using transmission electron microscopes.