Expression of and Rooting Response in Chestnut Leaves Are Dependent on the Auxin Polar Transport and the Ontogenetic Origin of the Tissues.

The mechanisms underlying the de novo regeneration of adventitious roots are still poorly understood, particularly in trees. We developed a system for studying adventitious rooting (AR) at physiological and molecular levels using leaves excised from chestnut microshoots of the same genotype but with two distinct ontogenetic origins that differ in rooting competence. Leaves were treated with auxin and N-1-naphthyl-phthalamic acid (NPA), an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (PAT).

Degeneration pattern in somatic embryos of L.

Somatic embryos can be used for propagating forest trees vegetatively, which is of great importance for capturing the genetic gain in breeding programs. However, many economically important species are difficult or impossible to propagate via somatic embryogenesis. In order to get a better understanding of the difficulties to propagate species via somatic embryogenesis, we are studying the developmental pathway of somatic embryos in different cell lines.

The Role of Morbid Obesity in the Promotion of Metabolic Disruptions and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Helicobacter Pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylory (HP) infection has been associated to an increased rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver disease through its effect on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. However, results are inconstant and no studies exist in morbidly obese patients, in which both insulin resistance and inflammation coexist.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship between HP infection and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation markers, and liver disease in patients awaiting for bariatric surgery.

Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effects of oily fish on different cardiovascular risk factors, little research on this topic is available in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Chestnut, European (Castanea sativa).

Development of a system for direct transfer of antifungal candidate genes into European chestnut (Castanea sativa) would provide an alternative approach to conventional breeding for production of chestnut trees that are tolerant to ink disease caused by Phytophthora spp. Overexpression of genes encoding PR proteins (such as thaumatin-like proteins), which display antifungal activity, may represent an important advance in control of the disease. We have used a chestnut thaumatin-like protein gene (CsTL1) isolated from European chestnut cotyledons and have achieved overexpression of the gene in chestnut somatic embryogenic lines used as target material.

Effect of glycemic control on nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation: a case-control study in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: There is growing evidence suggesting a deleterious effect of type 2 diabetes on lung function and sleep breathing. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether or not an improvement in glycemic control could arrest or ameliorate nocturnal hypoxemia in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c ≥8% (cases) and 10 non-diabetic subjects were analyzed.

[Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in acromegaly].

Background And Objective: Carbohydrate metabolism (CHM) is impaired in over 50% of acromegalic patients. Natural history of acromegaly and treatment modalities may impact in a different way on CHM. We assessed CHM alterations in acromegaly and their relationship with clinical features and treatment options.

Variables involved in the discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine: the glycation gap revisited.

Aims: Glycation gap (GG) is defined as the difference between the measured level of HbA1c and the level that would be predicted from its regression on the fructosamine level. The aims of the study were: 1) To determine the reproducibility and consistency of GC; 2) To discover factors related to GG value. Given that metformin might increase glucose transport through the erythrocyte membrane, this treatment was also considered in the analyses of the results.

Genetic transformation of European chestnut somatic embryos with a native thaumatin-like protein (CsTL1) gene isolated from Castanea sativa seeds.

The availability of a system for direct transfer of antifungal candidate genes into European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) would offer an alternative approach to conventional breeding for production of chestnut trees tolerant to ink disease caused by Phytophthora spp. For the first time, a chestnut thaumatin-like protein gene (CsTL1), isolated from chestnut cotyledons, has been overexpressed in three chestnut somatic embryogenic lines.

Embryogenic potential and expression of embryogenesis-related genes in conifers are affected by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

Somatic embryogenesis is used for vegetative propagation of conifers. Embryogenic cultures can be established from zygotic embryos; however, the embryogenic potential decreases during germination. In Arabidopsis, LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes are expressed during the embryonic stage, and must be repressed to allow germination.

Characterization and expression of a Pinus radiata putative ortholog to the Arabidopsis SHORT-ROOT gene.

We characterized a Pinus radiata D. Don putative ortholog to the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

Cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures from mature Quercus suber trees using vitrification.

Recent progress in somatic embryogenesis from selected mature trees of Quercus suber, has led to a demand for maintenance of a large number of selected embryogenic lines. To facilitate the management of this material a protocol for the long-term storage of this germplasm should be defined. This study reports on the use of a simple vitrification procedure for the successful cryopreservation of three cork oak embryogenic lines.

Maturation and germination of oak somatic embryos originated from leaf and stem explants: RAPD markers for genetic analysis of regenerants.

Experiments were performed to determine the influence of maturation medium carbohydrate content on the rates of germination and plantlet conversion (root and shoot growth) of somatic embryos from four embryogenic lines derived from leaf or internode explants of Quercus robur L. seedlings. The conversion rate was favoured by high carbohydrate content as long as the maturation medium contained at least 2% sucrose, which was necessary for healthy embryo development.